Warm up What do you think is the biggest difference between a Robber Baron and a Captain of Industry?

Quote Set 1 We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. –Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth…a new nation conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth…a new nation conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. –Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, 1863

Quote Set 2 America is a land of wonders, in which everything is in constant motion and every change seems an improvement. America is a land of wonders, in which everything is in constant motion and every change seems an improvement. –Alexis de Tocqueville, 1835 We are the pioneers of the world; the advance guard sent through the wilderness of untried things to break a new path in the New World that is ours. We are the pioneers of the world; the advance guard sent through the wilderness of untried things to break a new path in the New World that is ours. –Herman Melville, 1852

Quote Set 3 America is a land of possibilities America is a land of possibilities –Ludwig Max Goldberger, 1903 What then is the American…here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labors and posterity will one day cause great changes in the world. What then is the American…here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labors and posterity will one day cause great changes in the world. –J. Hector St. John Crevecoeur, 1782

Quote Set 4 The preservation of the sacred fire of liberty…[is] entrusted to the hands of the American people. The preservation of the sacred fire of liberty…[is] entrusted to the hands of the American people. –George Washington, 1789 My country ‘tis of thee; sweet land of liberty; of thee I sing. Land where my Fathers died; land of the Pilgrim’s pride; from every mountainside, let freedom ring. My country ‘tis of thee; sweet land of liberty; of thee I sing. Land where my Fathers died; land of the Pilgrim’s pride; from every mountainside, let freedom ring. –Lyrics to “My Country ‘Tis of Thee” by Samuel Francis Smith

Are these appropriate principles or ideals for the United States to follow? Are these appropriate principles or ideals for the United States to follow? –Why or why not? How well does the United States follow these principles or ideals today? How well does the United States follow these principles or ideals today? –Give examples.

The Rising Tide of Immigration

Immigration New Immigrants

New vs. Old Immigrants Old Immigrants Old Immigrants –Before 1860’s –Northern & Western Europe –English Speaking –Literate in primary language –Protestant –Skilled laborers –Had some resources New Immigrants New Immigrants – –Southern & Eastern Europe –Little to no English –Illiterate in primary language –Catholic, Jewish –Unskilled laborers –Little money or education

Push & Pull Factors Economic Decline in Europe Economic Decline in Europe Political & Religious Persecution in Eastern Europe Political & Religious Persecution in Eastern Europe Lure of Life in America Lure of Life in America Leaving their Homeland Leaving their Homeland

The Journey Across the Atlantic Steamship Accommodations Steamship Accommodations Living Conditions in Steerage Living Conditions in Steerage Cabin Class Cabin Class

Arrival in America Arriving in America Arriving in America –Ellis Island –Statue of Liberty

A Growler Gang in Session (Robbing a Lush), 1887

Street Arabs in Sleeping Quarters, c.1880s

Medical Inspections First and Second Class Inspections First and Second Class Inspections Arriving At Ellis Island Arriving At Ellis Island Medical Inspections Medical Inspections

Legal Inspections The Registry Hall The Registry Hall The Final Inspection The Final Inspection

Ethnic Enclaves Leaving Ellis Island Leaving Ellis Island Ethnic Enclaves Ethnic Enclaves

Why enclaves? Similar language Similar language Similar culture Similar culture Friends/family Friends/family Markets selling ethnic food Markets selling ethnic food Contact with homeland/newspaper s Contact with homeland/newspaper s Way of segregating the unwanted Way of segregating the unwanted Out of sight, out of mind Out of sight, out of mind Prejudice Prejudice Fear of the unfamiliar Fear of the unfamiliar Chinese, Italians, Irish, blacks, Jews Chinese, Italians, Irish, blacks, Jews

Living Conditions City Tenement Buildings City Tenement Buildings The Perils of Tenement Living The Perils of Tenement Living Rural Living Conditions Rural Living Conditions

Working Conditions The Immigrant Workforce The Immigrant Workforce Working Conditions Working Conditions BUT, overall and improved Standard of Living BUT, overall and improved Standard of Living

Americans’ Treatment of Immigrants American Nativism American Nativism Dillingham Bill, > immigration restrictions/1924 quotas Dillingham Bill, > immigration restrictions/1924 quotas

Homework Text pgs Urbanization Text pgs Urbanization Cornell notes Cornell notes