Periodic Table

Alabama Course of Study 3.) Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons, and the mass of an element using the periodic table. 3.1 Locating metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and noble gases on the periodic table 3.2 Using data about the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom to determine its reactivity

Mendeleev Russian chemist Saw a pattern to elements Arrange a table in order of increasing atomic mass

Shiny / dull Conduct Electricity Conduct Heat Malleable /Brittle Ductile Example Metal Nonmetal Metalloid

3 main categories of Elements Three main categories of elements are Metals, Nonmetals, and metalloids. –Metals- shiny, and they conduct heat energy and electric current –Nonmetals-do not conduct heat or electric current and are dull in color –Metalloids- have properties of both metals and nonmetals

More details Metals-shiny, good conductors, malleable, and ductile. Nonmetals-dull, poor conductors, brittle, and unmalleable. Metalloids- catch-all category or a category that has all the left- overs.

General Terms Periodic Law- repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements Period- a horizontal row of elements Group- vertical row of elements

Metal, Nonmetals, and Metalloids on a Periodic Table

Metals are to the left of the staircase They are the elements in tan

Nonmetals are found to the right of the staircase except Hydrogen They are in the light blue

Metalloids- are along the staircase except Aluminum They are in the green, teal color

Parts of a Periodic Table Hydrogen is in its own group on the chart with one electron

Group 1 Alkali Metals are in the yellow color on this table Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level-1 Most Reactive so they must be stored in oil

Group 2 Alkaline-Earth Metals are in the light green color Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level-2 Very Reactive but less than alkali

Groups 3-12 Transition Metals are in the green color in the center Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level-1 or 2 3 rd Most reactive group

Group 13 Boron Group is in the teal color on this table Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level-3 4 th most reactive

Lanthanides- Purple on table/ shiny in color and reactive Actinides- Blue on table/ do not occur in nature and are man-made

Group 14 Carbon Group is in the light blue color on this table Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level- 4 5 th most reactive

Group 15 Nitrogen Group is in the tan color on this table Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level- 5 6 th most reactive

Group 16 Oxygen Group is in the orange color on this table Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level- 6 7 th most reactive

Group 17 Halogens are in the Red color on this table Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level-7 2 nd least reactive

Group 18 Noble gases are in the Pink color on this table Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level- 8 Least reactive

Using the info answer the Question As the number of electrons increase so does the _____________. As you move from left to right in the groups, the number of outside electrons ____________. (increase or decrease)