The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table

The Table in General Columns Called groups Elements in a group have similar chemical and physical properties As you go from top to bottom elements get larger Atoms get larger in size All of the elements in each group have the same number of valence electrons.

Smallest Element #1 Largest Element #114

The Table in General Rows: (Periods) First elements very active solids Last element non reactive gas

Rows: (Periods) Reactive Metallic Solid Non-Reactive Non-Metallic Gas

The Table in General Rows: (Periods) Families: Get less reactive as you move from left to right Elements become less metallic left to right The period tells you the number of orbitals. Families: Cluster of elements on the periodic table Determined by their chemical properties

Rows: (Periods) More Reactive Less Reactive More Metallic Less Metallic

1. Alkali Metals Color all these elements one color and add it to your key One electron in the valence shell Soft less dense metals Most reactive of all metals React violently with water to form bases Never found free (alone) in nature Found in soap, salt, baking soda

Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals ___________ ___________ ___________ 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

2. Alkaline Earth Metals Color all these elements one color and add it to your key Two electrons in the valence shell Harder, higher melting point and more dense than Alkali Metals Also highly reactive Never found free in nature

Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals ___________ Alkaline Earth ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

3 – 12 Transition Elements Color all these elements one color and add it to your key One or two valence electrons Good conductors of heat and electricity Higher melting point than either of the first two families Some are hard and brittle Combine with oxygen to form oxides Form brightly colored compounds

Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals ___________ Alkaline Earth ___________ Transition ___________ ___________ ___________ 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

Rare Earth Elements Color all these elements one color label their names and add it to your key 1st row Lanthanide Series: Soft, malleable, high luster, great conductors, used to make alloys (mixed with other elements to gain more desirable properties than the element alone) All elements have very similar properties

Rare Earth Elements Color all these elements one color label their names and add it to your key 2nd row Actinide Series: All but three are synthetic (man made) All are radioactive Best known are Uranium and Plutonium which are used as nuclear fuels

Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals ___________ Alkaline Earth ___________ Transition ___________ Rare Earth ___________ ___________ ___________ 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

3 Periodic Table Questions What are rows called? What are columns called? List 2 of the 4 families discussed yesterday

13 Boron Family Color all these elements one color and add it to your key Three electrons in the valence shell Aluminum is the most abundant metal in earth’s crust

Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals ___________ Alkaline Earth ___________ Transition ___________ Rare Earth ___________ Boron Family ___________ 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

14 Carbon Family Color all these elements one color and add it to your key Four electrons in the valence shell Forms organic compounds (contains carbon) Tin resists oxidation and corrosion Oxidation means to combine with oxygen Corrosion means destruction by chemical reaction Lead is very dense and poisonous

Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals Carbon Alkaline Earth ___________ Transition ___________ Rare Earth ___________ Boron Family ___________ 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

15 Nitrogen Family Color all these elements one color and add it to your key 5 electrons in the outer shell Nitrogen : Most abundant element in Earth’s atmosphere Phosphorus: Match tips Arsenic: rat poison

Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals Carbon Alkaline Earth Nitrogen Transition ___________ Rare Earth ___________ Boron Family ___________ 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

16 Oxygen Family Color all these elements one color and add it to your key 6 electrons in outer shell Oxygen: Very reactive, combines with most other elements, supports burning Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium: brittle, make variety of compounds

Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals Carbon Alkaline Earth Nitrogen Transition Oxygen Rare Earth ___________ Boron Family ___________ 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

17 Halogen Family Color all these elements one color and add it to your key Seven electrons in the valence shell Name comes from two Greek words, Halo Gens, this means- Salt Producing. Most chemically reactive non-metals Never found free in nature As gases form diatomic (2 atoms in a molecule) elements ex: F2, Cl2 Combine with Alkali metals to form salts ex: NaCl= table salt

Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals Carbon Alkaline Earth Nitrogen Transition Oxygen Rare Earth Halogen Boron Family ___________ 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

18 Noble Gases Color all these elements one color and add it to your key Full Valence (outer electron) shell, He 2 electrons the rest 8 electrons Do not combine with other elements under normal circumstances He- balloons, Ne- signs, Ar- fill in windows, Xe- photographic lamps, Rn- Treats cancer

Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals Carbon Alkaline Earth Nitrogen Transition Oxygen Rare Earth Halogen Boron Family Noble Gases 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

Hydrogen- All alone Color this element one color and add it to your key One valence electron Properties are not like any other group Highly reactive- easily undergoes a chemical reaction Highly combustible- capable of igniting or burning Colorless, odorless gas at room temperature

Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals Carbon Alkaline Earth Nitrogen Transition Oxygen Rare Earth Halogen Boron Family Noble Gases 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

Three Categories Metals Non-Metals Metalloids

Properties of a Metal Physical superior electric and thermal conductivity high luster High density Malleable- ability to be deformed under stress without cleaving (breaking) Alkali & Alkaline Earth metals are extremely reactive, low density, hardness, and melting points

Properties of a Metal Chemical Form positively charged ions Metals can be easily oxidized. Oxidation is informally known as the process of corrosion Metals can react with acid Some metals, like sodium or calcium will react with water to make a base

Metalloids: Draw the step ladder & identify the metalloids (use spots) Draw in the step ladder and mark the Metalloids.

Definition of a Metalloid Found in the area between the metals and the nonmetals on the Periodic Table Sometimes called semi-metals and have characteristics that are similar to both metals and nonmetals.

Non-Metal: Identify the non-metals (use stripes) Mark the Non-Metals

Properties of a Non-Metal Physical low electrical conductivity brittle when solid Most are solid and gas (Bromine is a liquid) dull Do not conduct heat end electricity well lower melting points and boiling points than metals Chemical Form negatively charged ions

Read the Element 9 77 Ir Iridium 192.217 2 8 18 32 15 6

Family Ties Review Vertical lines _________________________ Horizontal rows________________________ Elements on the zigzag are __________________ Elements in the top right are _________________ 1 valence electron reactive family______________ 2 valence electron reactive family______________ 3-12 families______________________________ Elements that form salts_____________________ Elements that do not react___________________ Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ Element that is all alone _________________

Family Ties Review Vertical lines Groups Horizontal rows________________________ Elements on the zigzag are __________________ Elements in the top right are _________________ 1 valence electron reactive family______________ 2 valence electron reactive family______________ 3-12 families______________________________ Elements that form salts_____________________ Elements that do not react___________________ Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ Element that is all alone _________________

Family Ties Review Vertical lines Groups Horizontal rows Periods Elements on the zigzag are __________________ Elements in the top right are _________________ 1 valence electron reactive family______________ 2 valence electron reactive family______________ 3-12 families______________________________ Elements that form salts_____________________ Elements that do not react___________________ Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ Element that is all alone _________________

Family Ties Review Vertical lines Groups Horizontal rows Periods Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids Elements in the top right are _________________ 1 valence electron reactive family______________ 2 valence electron reactive family______________ 3-12 families______________________________ Elements that form salts_____________________ Elements that do not react___________________ Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ Element that is all alone _________________

Family Ties Review Vertical lines Groups Horizontal rows Periods Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids Elements in the top right are Nonmetals 1 valence electron reactive family______________ 2 valence electron reactive family______________ 3-12 families______________________________ Elements that form salts_____________________ Elements that do not react___________________ Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ Element that is all alone _________________

Family Ties Review Vertical lines Groups Horizontal rows Periods Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids Elements in the top right are Nonmetals 1 valence electron reactive family Alkali 2 valence electron reactive family______________ 3-12 families______________________________ Elements that form salts_____________________ Elements that do not react___________________ Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ Element that is all alone _________________

Family Ties Review Vertical lines Groups Horizontal rows Periods Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids Elements in the top right are Nonmetals 1 valence electron reactive family Alkali 2 valence electron reactive family Alkaline Earth 3-12 families______________________________ Elements that form salts_____________________ Elements that do not react___________________ Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ Element that is all alone _________________

Family Ties Review Vertical lines Groups Horizontal rows Periods Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids Elements in the top right are Nonmetals 1 valence electron reactive family Alkali 2 valence electron reactive family Alkaline Earth 3-12 families Transition Elements that form salts __________________ Elements that do not react___________________ Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ Element that is all alone _________________

Family Ties Review Vertical lines Groups Horizontal rows Periods Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids Elements in the top right are Nonmetals 1 valence electron reactive family Alkali 2 valence electron reactive family Alkaline Earth 3-12 families Transition Elements that form salts Halogens Elements that do not react___________________ Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ Element that is all alone _________________

Family Ties Review Vertical lines Groups Horizontal rows Periods Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids Elements in the top right are Nonmetals 1 valence electron reactive family Alkali 2 valence electron reactive family Alkaline Earth 3-12 families Transition Elements that form salts Halogens Elements that do not react Noble Gases Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ Element that is all alone _________________

Family Ties Review Vertical lines Groups Horizontal rows Periods Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids Elements in the top right are Nonmetals 1 valence electron reactive family Alkali 2 valence electron reactive family Alkaline Earth 3-12 families Transition Elements that form salts Halogens Elements that do not react Noble Gases Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table Rare Earth Elements Element that is all alone _________________

Family Ties Review Vertical lines Groups Horizontal rows Periods Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids Elements in the top right are Nonmetals 1 valence electron reactive family Alkali 2 valence electron reactive family Alkaline Earth 3-12 families Transition Elements that form salts Halogens Elements that do not react Noble Gases Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table Rare Earth Elements Element that is all alone Hydrogen

Element Example 1. Element Chlorine Cl 2. Symbol 35.453 3. Atomic Mass 17 4. Atomic number 17 5. Family 6. Period 3

6 1. Element __________________ 2. Symbol___________________ 3. Atomic Mass________________ 4. Atomic number______________ 5. Family____________________ 6. Period____________________ 6