S ECTION 3: F AMILIES OF THE P ERIODIC T ABLE Chapter 19: Elements and their Properties

L EARNING G OALS Identify and describe the properties of the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals. Differentiate among the transition metals. Identify and describe the properties of the halogens and the noble gases.

A LKALI M ETALS Group 1 Metals Does not include hydrogen. Shiny, malleable, and ductile Softer than other metals Good conductors of heat and electricity Most reactive of all of the metals! Have 1 valence electron that they give up easily

A LKALINE E ARTH M ETALS Group 2 Metals Shiny, malleable, and ductile Very reactive, but not as much as group 1 Have 2 valence electrons that are easily given up

T RANSITION M ETALS Groups 3-12 Metals Shiny, malleable, and ductile Often form colorful compounds They often have a variable number of valence electrons Iron (Fe) can have 2 or 3! Includes the lanthanides and actinides

H ALOGENS Group 17 Nonmetals Very reactive Have 7 valence electrons Halogens take an electron from metals to form an ionic compound called a salt. Distinctive colors Fluorine (F) is the most chemically reactive of all the elements.

T HE N OBLE G ASES Group 18 Nonmetals Exist as isolated atoms (not in compounds!) Have 8 valence electrons so they are very stable Produce distinctive glows when electricity is passed through these gases