Jake Peter Sonya

 The Manhattan Project was the United State’s project created to design an atomic bomb to use to end the war before the axis; mainly the Germans, could create their own atomic bomb.

 1941: scientists persuaded the Government to support the research of the possible construction of an atomic bomb  June 1942: the army took over the nuclear program  fall of 1942: General Leslie R. Groves and J. Robert Oppenheimer were selected to head the Manhattan Project  summer of 1942: the site of Los Alamos was chosen  December 1944: information on the Germans progress on the atomic bomb had been handed over to the war department

 The security on the Manhattan project was very strict  Main method of stopping the possible leak of information was: compartmentalization  The Germans also had very effective security, from 1941 to late 1944 the United States was unable to find out what stage of the creation of an atomic bomb Germans were at

 During the D-Day invasion, the Alsos contingent had the mission of discovering the progress of Germany’s atomic research  Much information was gathered and handed over to the war department by December 1944

 2 bombs were created little boy and fat man  Little boy was a gun type uranium bomb  Fat man was an implosion type bomb

 The uranium bomb was not tested as it was thought that it would obviously be successful  Scientists were unsure of the plutonium bomb, as it was a more complicated design  Therefore a plutonium bomb was tested on July 16th 1945  After the test the bomb was deemed to be very successful, with an explosion the size of that of tons of TNT.

 Potsdam Declaration- outlined the terms of surrender for Japan  Winston Churchill, Harry S Truman, and Soviet Josef Stalin met to end the war  stated that if Japan didn’t surrender, then it would face "prompt and utter destruction"  July 29, the Japanese rejected the Potsdam Declaration

 It would save lives (approx. hundreds of thousands)  b/c dropping the bomb would avoid an invasion  Would also avoid another year of fighting  Bombing = quick solution

 Was necessary to end WWII  liberate about 200,000 Dutch and 400,000 Indonesians from Japanese concentration camps  Japanese atrocities against millions of Chinese, would end

 Some historians believe that Japan would’ve surrendered even without its use  Also, some think that President Truman’s decision was influenced by the Soviets  wanted to intimidate them  Wanted to avoid the declaration of war on Japan by the Soviets

 Colonel Paul Tibbets dropped the bomb at approximately 8:15 A.M. - Hiroshima time  Nicknamed Little bomb- the 9,700 uranium bomb was dropped over the city and lit the morning sky 1,900 feet above the city

 August 6, am  A B-29 bomber –Hiroshima had a civilian population of 300,000  An important military center, and 43,000 soldiers  The bomb instantly killed  located on the deltas of southwestern Honshu Island facing the Inland Sea  Hiroshima had a civilian population of almost 300,000 and was an important military center, containing about 43,000 soldiers

 The power of Japan Islands shall be limited to Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine  Lastly there shall be war reparations in which Japan pays back our four countries

 The U.N. called for an end to Proliferation of atomic weapons for all countries besides Iran and North Korea  President Obama and the rest of the United Nations was unable to come to a decision on how to punish North Korea for sending a rocket over Japan and into the Pacific Ocean

 The Non Proliferation Treaties’ (NPT) objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and technology, while to promote the uses of nuclear energy and achieve complete disarmament  The United States, Russian Federation, United Kingdom, France, and China all have signed the NPT and are obligated to not transfer nuclear weapons.