The American Civil War

The American Civil War

Civil War Cause and Effect

Lincoln-Douglas Debates: 1858

Long Term Causes of the Civil War

Short Term Causes of the Civil War

Causes of the Civil War Slavery ECONOMIC POLITICAL SOCIAL BALANCE OF POWER DIPLOMATIC MORAL Slavery ECONOMIC POLITICAL SOCIAL BALANCE OF POWER DIPLOMATIC MORAL

An Appeal from Abolitionists

Slave from South to North

Distribution of Slaves, 1790

Distribution of Slaves, 1860

Distribution of Slaves, 1790 and 1860

The Internal Slave Trade, 1810–1860

Growth of Cotton Production and the Slave Population, 1790–1860

Value of Cotton Exports as a Percentage of All U.S. Exports, 1800–1860

Election of 1860: the Candidates

Abraham Lincoln - Republican Presidential Candidate: 1860

Abraham Lincoln

Election of 1860

Map © David Leip (2000) - Used by TAH with Author's Permission Map 1860 Election Electors from South Carolina were appointed by the State Legislature not elected by popular vote Electoral Vote 180 (59%) 72 (24%) 39 (13%) 12 (4%)

“‘A house divided against itself cannot stand.’ I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved--I do not expect the house to fall--but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other.” A. Lincoln

Charleston Mercury Headline and Handbill : The Union is Dissolved!

Seceding States

Map 14.1 The Process of Secession, 1860–1861

Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederacy

The Bombardment of Fort Sumter, 1861 (p. 400)

Figure 14.1 Economies, North and South, 1860 (p. 409)

28 Opposing Armies of the Civil War

Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

30 Comparative Population and Economic Resources of the Union and the Confederacy, 1861

1861 Springfield Rifle-Musket (p. 410)

Resources: North & South

“Anaconda” Plan

Map 14.3 The Western Campaigns, 1861–1862 (p. 406)

General Ambrose Burnside

General Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson (C.S.A.)

Map 14.2 The Eastern Campaigns of 1862 (p. 404)

23,000 casualties September 17, 1862 Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War”

Photograph of Antietam

Fields of Death (p. 396)

Painting of Antietam

Lincoln Visits the Army of the Potomac, 1862 (p. 405)

Lincoln and McClellan

The Emancipation Proclamation

First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation, by Francis Bicknell Carpenter (p. 414)

Emancipation in 1863

Emancipation of Slaves in the Americas

Black Soldiers in the Union Army (p. 418)

General Robert E. Lee (C.S.A)

Map 14.4 Lee Invades the North, 1863 (p. 417)

General George Pickett (C.S.A.)

Map 14.4 Lee Invades the North, 1863 (p. 417)

Grant Planning an Attack (p. 420)

The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg

General Ulysses S. Grant (U.S.A.)

U.S. Grant

Civil War Generals Grant and Lee

Map 14.5 The Closing Virginia Campaigns, 1864–1865 (p. 421)

CSS Manassas Ironclad

Union Party, 1864

Clement Vallandigham The Peace Movement: Copperheads

Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan (D) 1864 Election

Presidential Election of 1864 (showing popular vote by county)

William Tecumseh Sherman (p. 422)

William T. Sherman

Map 14.6 Sherman’s March through the Confederacy, 1864–1865 (p. 425)

The War’s Toll on Civilians (p. 412)

Draft Riots and Anti-Black Violence in New York City (p. 408)

Imprisoned Confederate Troops, by Julian Scott (p. 423)

Inflation in the South

The Progress of War:

Map 14.7 The Conquest of the South, 1861–1865 (p. 426)

1861 – Morrill Tariff Act 1862 – Homestead Act 1862 – Legal Tender Act 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act 1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863) 1863 – Pacific Railway Act 1863 – National Bank Act 1861 – Morrill Tariff Act 1862 – Homestead Act 1862 – Legal Tender Act 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act 1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863) 1863 – Pacific Railway Act 1863 – National Bank Act Extensive Legislation Passed Without the South in Congress

Surrender at Appomattox, VA Courthouse April 9, 1865

Civil War Fighting

Soldier Group

Clara Barton

Hospital Nursing (p.408)

Casualties on Both Sides

Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

The Assassination