American Presidents: Madison - Tyler

James Madison ( ) Republican-Democrat September Americans in West Florida seized it and offered it to US October Proclamation to occupy West Florida as Madison believed it to have been part of the original Louisiana Purchase April Louisiana admitted to the Union as 18th State June Madison’s Declaration of War approved by Congress (War of 1812 begins) November Madison wins reelection

Madison (Continued) first mechanized weaving factory in Lowell Mass. March Napoleon’s empire collapses August Madison flees Washington ; British burn the White House December Treaty of Ghent signed January Jackson wins at Battle of New Orleans ; national hero April Indiana becomes a state American System - Protective Tariff, National Bank, Transportation (National Road and Erie Canal) under Henry Clay ** Era of Good Feeling

James Monroe ( ) Democratic-Republican April Rush-Bagot Treaty with Britain limits naval capacity on Great Lakes post War of 1812 December Mississippi becomes a state December Calhoun (Sec of War) orders Jackson to quell Seminole Indian revolts in Florida June Monroe gives Pensacola back to Spain despite Jackson’s victory

Monroe (Continued) October Anglo-American Convention agrees on 49th Parallel boundary December Illinois and Alabama admitted as states January Panic of cotton collapse, decline in real estate value February Adams-Onus Treaty with Spain - FA acquired for $5 million March Maryland v McCulloch - states can’t tax federal agencies March Missouri Compromise (Maine as free state, Missouri as slave state, slavery only south of 36º30' )

Monroe Continued March Maine admitted as a free state August Missouri admitted as slave state December Monroe Doctrine adopted (no further European colonization in N or S America, US won’t interfere with existing colonies, US isolationism and neutrality from European conflicts) ** Cornerstone for US foreign policy ** Doctrine invoked later by James Polk and Theodore Roosevelt May Tariff of South fears British retaliation increased cotton prices

John Quincy Adams ( ) Federalist, Democratic-Republican, Whig February controversial election - Jackson 99 votes, Adams 84 votes, Crawford 41, Clay 37 - Clay puts his votes to Adams at end to become Secretary of State * Jackson is furious! October first part of Erie Canal completed May Tariff of Abomination - high tariffs on raw materials & Br. woolens - angers VA in particular - Calhoun encourages states’ rights to nullify federal laws Tariff leads to Adams’ loss in the subsequent election

Andrew Jackson ( ) Democrat War of Battle of New Orleans Military Victories in Florida (Old Hickory) March inaugural address institutes ‘spoils system’ of fed. office rotation April Calhoun threatens southern nullification of tariffs - Jackson threatens military intervention May Indian Removal Act - forced removal of Cherokee, Creeks and other tribal groups to west of the Mississippi ** Trail of Tears **

Jackson Continued July Jackson vetoes a bill to extend charter of 2nd Bank of the US - felt the bank favoured northerners and was elitist and unconstitutional - Jacksonian Democracy favoring the small farmer and working man November SC adopts Ordinance of Nullification for duties and tariffs December Jackson issued Nullification Proclamation saying states cannot nullify federal laws and threatens to collect tariffs by force if necessary ; March Force Act signed ; Clay proposed a Compromise Tariff to appease SC by gradually reducing tariffs and the conflict was resolved

Jackson & Martin Van Buren 1836 election - president can only run 2 terms to Jackson’s VP Van Buren is the Democratic nominee and wins successfully March Jackson recognizes Texan independence just before Martin Van Buren is sworn in as president on March 4, Panic of western land speculation, no national bank, easy credit, drop in cotton prices due to oversupply - severe depression for 6 years with banks failing, unemployment - Democrats were blamed

Harrison & Tyler March William Henry Harrison beats Van Buren in a landslide election on the slogan “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” but he died of pneumonia 1 month after the election and John Tyler (VP) becomes president Tyler president - advocated states’ rights with no federal funding for internal improvements and he vetoed the bank twice Mar Texas Annexation Bill