1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授： Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生： Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University

2 Information Hiding Sender Receiver Internet illegal Information

3 Information Hiding Sender Receiver Internet illegal Information Information

4 Information Hiding - LSB Information Image Least Significant Bit (LSB) Stego Image

5 Information Hiding - LSB Image Stego-Image MSE == PSNR ( Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) = =51.72 Payload = 1 (bit per pixel, bpp)

6 Information Hiding - LSB PSNR = Payload = 2 bpp Trade-off: Image quality and Payload Robustness

7 Pixel Domain –Quantization-based Information Hiding Scheme –A Difference Expansion Oriented Data Hiding Scheme

8 Pixel Domain Quantization-based Information Hiding Scheme

9 Quantization-based Information Hiding Scheme Image Information Modified Image 612

Modified Image

Modified Image

12 Quantization-based Information Hiding Scheme - Extraction Process Stego Image PSNR = Payload = 1 bpp

Stego Image

Repaired Image Stego Image PSNR = Payload = 1 bpp PSNR = Payload = 1 bpp Quantization-based Information Hiding Scheme -Repairing Process

Stego Image Quantization-based Information Hiding Scheme -Robustness Stego Image

16 Experimental Results Modified Images Stego Images

17 Experimental Results PSNRLenaPeppersAirplaneBaboon 8 Modified Image Stego Image Repaired Image Modified Image Stego Image Repaired Image Payload: 1 bpp

18 Pixel Domain A Difference Expansion Oriented Data Hiding Scheme

19 A Difference Expansion Oriented Data Hiding Scheme Hiding Process 00 A u0u0 u1u1 u2u2

20 Hiding Process h =1 Image h=1 8

21 Hiding Process Image Expandable h =1

22 Hiding Process Image A Non-Expandable h =1

23 Hiding Process Image A Changeable 1 h =1

24 Hiding Process Image Expandable h =1 d > Threshold = 10 Changeable 19

25 Hiding Process Image A Non-Changeable h =1

26 A Difference Expansion Oriented Data Hiding Scheme Image Location Map PSNR: Payload: 0.56 bpp

Extraction Process for Expandable

28 Extraction Scheme for Expandable

Extraction Process for Changeable

Extraction Process for non-Changeable

31 A Difference Expansion Oriented Data Hiding Scheme Image Location Map PSNR: Payload: 0.56 bpp

32 Experimental Results

33 Experimental Results

34 Experimental Results Image namePayload (bpp)PSNR (dB) Barbara Baboon Boats Gold Hill F F Lena Pepper Sailboat Tiffany Toys Zelda

35 Experimental Results

36 Sender Receiver Internet Compressed codes: ….. Information ?

37 Sender Receiver Internet Compressed codes: ….. Information Information

38 Index Domain –Reversible Hiding Scheme based on Switching Tree Coding –Reversible Hiding Scheme based on Side-Match VQ

39 Index Domain Reversible Hiding Scheme based on Switching Tree Coding

40 Vector Quantization (VQ) Original Image Index table VQ Encoder

41 Vector Quantization (VQ) Reconstructed Image Index table VQ Decoder

42 Switching-Tree Coding (STC) Sheu proposed the STC algorithm in 1999 Re-encode the index table the current index U L Index Table

43 If A = 7, then A = U  A ’ = 11 Switching-Tree Coding (STC) If A = 10, then A = L  A ’ = 10

44 If A = 14  A ’ =01 + ‘ ’ Switching-Tree Coding (STC) If A = 17  A ’ =00 + ‘ ’

Information : … A ’ = 00+(10)00+(25)00+(21) … 00+(17) Information Hiding on STC Codes (IHSTC) Index table

46 Information : … A ’ = 00+(10)00+(25)00+(21) … 00+(17) ‘ 10 ’ 0 Information Hiding on STC Codes (IHSTC)

47 Information : … A ’ = 00+(10)00+(25)00+(21) … 00+(17) ‘ 10 ’ (128) … Information Hiding on STC Codes (IHSTC) 1

48 A ’ = 00+(10)00+(25)00+(21) … 00+(17) (128) … 10 Extraction and Reconstruction Information: 0

49 A ’ = 00+(10)00+(25)00+(21) … 00+(17) (128) … 10 Extraction and Reconstruction Information:

50 Experiment Results ImagePSNRNSTC Compression Ratio Payload (bpp) Lena , Pepper , Baboon , Airplane ,

51 Pixel Domain Reversible Hiding Scheme based on Side-Match VQ

52 Vector Quantization (VQ) Original Image Index table VQ Encoder

53 Side-Match VQ (SMVQ) Seed Block Residual Block

54 X = (81, 15, 53, 34, 51,?, ?, ?, 91, ?, ?, ?, 49,?, ?, ?) Codebook

55 No.CodewordSED State Codebook 000

56 Reversible Hiding Scheme based on Side-Match VQ

57 No.CodewordSED State Codebook 000 Message Type = 0 SC 0 SC 1 Message Type = 1 h = 0 Reversible Hiding Scheme based on Side-Match VQ

58 No.CodewordSED State Codebook 100 Message Type = 0 SC 0 SC 1 Message Type = 1 h = 1 Reversible Hiding Scheme based on Side-Match VQ

59 X = (81, 15, 53, 34, 51,?, ?, ?, 91, ?, ?, ?, 49,?, ?, ?) Extraction phase 100 No.CodewordSED h = 1

60 Extraction phase

61 File nameNCPSNRPayloadCompression Ratio Boats , , , Jet(F16) , , , Lena , , , Pepper , , , Experimental Results

62 Experimental Results

63Conclusions Information Hiding Pixel-domain Hiding Schemes –Quantization-based Hiding Scheme –Difference Expansion Oriented Data Hiding Scheme Index-domain Hiding Schemes – Reversible Hiding Scheme based on STC – Reversible Hiding Scheme based on SMVQ

64 Future Works Information Hiding Applications –Watermarking Reversible Information Hiding –Audio, Video, HTML, Text, DNA Sequence Other Compression Methods –JPEG, Wavelet, MPEG

65 Thanks for your attention