Future Integrated Satellite Architecture Brief to Third GOES-R Users Workshop Broomfield, Colorado Michael Crison NOAA Satellites and Information Service May 11, 2004

2 Comprehensive Sustained Integrated Vision of an Integrated Global Observing System

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Implementation Concept for an Integrated Global Observing System National Integrated Environmental Observation Requirements Federal Agencies Other Federal Agencies USDA EPA NASA DHS DoD Ecosystems Climate Weather and Water Commerce and Transportation DOC/NOAA Interagency Requirements Collection Process External Requirements Collection Process Research and Academic Media and Commercial Meteorological Centers International Partners SPACE Trade Studies OCEANLANDAIR Trade Studies System F System J System H System E System N System L Federal Program/System Development Phase Federal Program/System Development Phase Program/System Deployment and Operations Phase System G System D System C Data Collection Data Distribution Product Generation User Assimilation Archive ? Platform Coverage Sensor Suite ? Platform Coverage Sensor Suite ? Platform Coverage Sensor Suite ? Platform Coverage Sensor Suite ? Platform Location Coverage Sensor Suite International Systems Other Federal Systems Commercial Systems System I Commercial Program/System Commercial Program/System Development/Deployment and Operations Phase System K System M System B System A Architecture Development Architecture Development System O

5 GOES-R Constellation Architecture Alternatives Studies User Needs Architecture I Consolidated Constellation Architecture II Distributed Constellation Architecture III Med Earth Orbit Constellation Notional System Baseline End-to-End Systems Space & Launch Command & Control Product Generation & Distribution Archive & Access User Interface & Assimilation

6 ParameterNPOESSMEOGEO Altitude 833 km10,400 km35,786 km Period 101 Min6 hours24 hours Returns to same Longitude ~12 hours8 hoursAlways Visible Ground Motion 400 km/min83 km/min0 km/min MEO Orbit Basics

7 MEO Walker Constellation 8 satellites in 8 planes

8 MEO Equatorial and Polar Constellation 4 satellites in equatorial orbit, 4 in polar orbit

9 4 MEO Satellites in Equatorial Orbit Achieve Global Coverage +60 o

10 Potential Benefits Can achieve near real-time global coverage with relatively small number of same type of satellites 1/3 the orbit of GEOs – potential to reduce instrument apertures (ex: passive microwave) Robust constellation – able to reposition satellites to reduce impact of on-orbit failures Challenges New science – no constant sun angles of polar sun- synch nor constant viewing angles of GEOs New instrument configurations Medium Earth Orbits (MEOs)

11 Preliminary Conclusions MEOs probably not viable as GOES R 2012 candidate However, great potential for later augmentation to GOES R (P3I) or as part of future integrated satellite architecture GOES R Constellation Architecture Studies

12 Integrated Satellite Architecture Example: 3 LEO, 4 MEO, 2 GEO GEO 1 GEO 2 LEO 2 LEO 3 LEO 1 MEO 3 MEO 1 MEO 2 MEO 4

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14 Integrated Satellite Architecture Robustness Example GEO 1 GEO 2 LEO 2 LEO 3 LEO 1 MEO 3 MEO 1 MEO 2 MEO 4

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16 Integrated Satellite Architecture Robustness Example 2 GEO 1 GEO 2 LEO 2 LEO 3 LEO 1 MEO 3 MEO 1 MEO 2 MEO 4

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20 Future MEO Insertion/ Transition Opportunities NPOESS – 2009 to GOES R-Series – 2012 to MEOs –System capability insertion to meet Pre-Planned Product Improvement requirements ~2016 –Transition to future integrated satellite constellation ~2020+

21 Challenges/Future Opportunities Challenges –Determine optimum integrated satellite constellation architectures to balance trade-off between operational capability and affordability –Understand science to accommodate new orbits (MEOs) –Develop new instrument designs/architectures – new orbits, new technology applications at different orbits, multi-mission instruments Opportunities –Integrated satellite architectures, providing −Improved linkages to NOAA/National/International Integrated Observing Systems −Better support to operational users