CS101 Storage Information

Storage The zeros and ones in the input devices, output devices and process devices are in _______ form and are lost when the computer is turned off. To preserve the zeros and ones when the computer is turned off they must be sent to ________ devices

What type of storage devices are there? Older Storage –__________ Devices = How stores information = As magnetic metal particles with a north an south pole –_________ Devices = How stores information = Surface reflects back laser or does not Newer Storage –_____ ______ Devices = How stores information = Traps electrons –_______ Storage Combines Solid State and Magnetic –Cheaper –______ Storage = Not stored on your device.

Bits to Bytes Computers store information in ____size chunks –A zero or a one = ___ –8 Bits = _ Byte –1024 Bytes = ____byte (1024 Bytes) –1024 Kilobytes = ____byte (1,048,576 Bytes) –1024 Megabytes = ____byte (1,073,741,824 Bytes) –1024 Gigabytes = ____byte (1,099,511,627,776 Bytes) –Etc –Keeps going by a factor of ____ _____because computer is a base 2 device

How big is it? How do I know how many bytes a file is taking up on a disk? –________= Right click on the file icon and select “Properties” –________= Right click on the file icon and select “Get Info” How do I know how many bytes fit on a disk and how much of the disk is currently being used ? –_________= Right click on the disk icon and select “Properties” –_________= Right click on the disk icon and select “Get Info”

What type of file is what size? What type of files would be kilobyte size? What type of files would be megabyte size? What type of files would be gigabyte size?

How much can a storage device hold? ____byte storage devices –None. To small to be of use with today's computers. ____byte storage devices –Floppy Disk (1.3 Megabytes) –Zip Disk (100 to 750 Megabytes) –CD (700 Megabytes) ____byte storage devices –DVD (4.7 Gigabytes to 8.5 Gigabytes) –Blu-ray (25 Gigabytes to 50 Gigabytes) –Small Hard Drives (Magnetic and Solid State) –Small Solid State (Flash Drive, SD Cards, Hard Drives, etc.) ____byte storage devices –Magnetic Hard Disk (Multiple Terabytes) –Solid State Hard Disk (Multiple Terabytes)

Converting Measurements To convert a smaller unit to a larger unit divide by ____ for each level To convert a larger unit to a smaller unit multiply by ____ for each level

Conversion Practice You can use the conversion calculator on the following website for practice:

Quick and dirty conversion In the real world a quick conversion by ____ will give you enough information To convert a smaller unit to a larger unit divide by ____ (or just move the decimal point 3 to the left) To convert a larger unit to a smaller unit multiply by ____ for each level (or just move the decimal point 3 to the right

How do files get stored on disks First the disk has to be prepared for use. The disk needs to be ___________ –First it is low level __________ –Second it is high level __________ –_________ = Initialized

What happens when a disk is low level _________? When a disk is being made at the factory it is low level __________ –Breaks it down into _____ = ______ are where the zeros and ones are stored _______ are the smallest place that ones and zeros can be stored on the disk

What happens when a disk is high level formatted (or initialized)? High level formatting is usually done by OS or utility program and three main things are accomplished –1) The disk is divided up into ______ Blocks are combined into _______ –For example 1 _____ = 4 Blocks –2) A ______ Sector is created in the first cluster of the disk Tells the start up directions where to find the operating system at startup. –3) Then a ______ __________ is created on the disk A ______ _________ keeps track of where files are stored on disk –Files are recorded as being in ______________ on the disk »We call the ____________ we make folders Windows has two types of file systems –1_______ = File Allocation Table » Older = Less secure and limited disk and file sizes –2 ______ = NT File System »Newer = More secure and allows larger disks and files Mac uses HFS+ (Mac OS Journaled)

How do you do a high level format? In Windows: –Right Click Start > Computer Management > Disk Management In Macintosh OS: –Open Disk Utility program Select disk icon on left side of window Select type of format Select Erase tab and click on Erase

Neat formatting trick Break disk into ___________ –_________ = Have one physical hard drive act as two or more hard drives.

What happens when a (Word) file is copied to disk _______ _________asks the user (via a save box) what to call the file and where to save the file _______ _________asks Word how many bytes in the file _______ _________then asks the selected disk if it has enough free clusters to store the file If the disk has enough clusters to store the file then the file is copied into the clusters As the file is copied into the clusters its location is noted in the directory

Keep your data safe. What happens when you throw away a file? –If you just placed in the Recycle Bin it can be __________ out of the Recycle Bin and opened. –If you put the file in the Recycle Bin, and then empty the Recycle Bin, the only thing that happens is the clusters the file was stored in are listed as available. However, …

How do I really get rid of a file? To really get rid of the file you need to ________ rewrite the data in the ______ it occupied. –Windows and Apple = Install and use a ____ _________ utility –Mac OSX (10.10 and earlier) = Finder menu > _____ Empty Trash

What should I do if a sell my computer, or storage device? To secure a storage device you need to randomly rewrite the data in all the blocks on the device –Format the device so that it does a random write to all clusters on disk.