Linda Hunt Applied Physics Kettering University Co-op: Warrior Sports Jimmy Howard, Detroit Red Wings

Introduction to Goalie Sticks EMA Process Comparison of results: Wood vs CF Effect of knob on the end cap Further Research Questions Goalie Stick Vibrations Cam Ward, Carolina Huricanes

Types of Hockey sticks Butt/ End Paddle Shaft/handle Blade Toe Heel Butt/ End Shaft Blade Toe Heel

Wood Sticks Foam-core Carbon Fiber Sticks Layers of uni-directional CF ply are stacked on top of each other Outer layer of entire stick is e- glass Handle part is hollow Light-weight foam in the blade and paddle More “bad” vibration than wood Thin layers of birch are glued together Many sticks have e-glass over the paddle and blade for strength Entire stick is solid wood Heavier than CF, but less vibration Still more common in the NHL Wood vs Carbon Fiber

Introduction to Goalie Sticks EMA Process Comparison of results: Wood vs CF Effect of knob on the end cap Further Research Questions Goalie Stick Vibrations Ryan Miller, Team USA – Vancouver ‘10

Process

Some basic theory: FRF Plot

What are mode shapes? Bending Mode Torsional Mode

Goalie Hand Location Jon Quick, LA Kings Marty Turco, Dallas Stars

Hz Is considered most sensitive to the human hand Source: D. D. Reynolds, K. G. Standlee, and E. N. Angevine, “Hand-Arm Vibration, Part III: Subjective Response Characteristics of Individuals to Hand-Induced Vibration,” J. Sound Vib., 51 (2), (1977). Hand sensitivity range

Introduction to Goalie Sticks EMA Process Comparison of results: Wood vs CF Effect of knob on the end cap Further Research Questions Goalie Stick Vibrations Manny Legace, St. Louis Blues

WoodComposite 1Composite 2 FreqDampFreqDampFreqDamp Wood vs Carbon Fiber

WoodCF 1CF2 Wood vs CF: Mode Shapes Bending 215 Hz Bending 191 Hz Bending 238 Hz Tors 212 Hz Tors 241 Hz Bending 313 Hz Bending 281 Hz Tors 311HzTors 292 Hz

Introduction to Goalie Sticks EMA Process Comparison of results: Wood vs CF Effect of knob on the end cap Further Research Questions Goalie Stick Vibrations Martin Brodeur, NJ Devils

Effect of Stick Tape NHL Rule: ½” tape knob on end

No tapeWith tape FreqDampFreqDamp Tape vs No Tape

Without TapeWith Tape Mode Shapes Tors 213 Hz Tors 241 Hz Bending 281 HzBending 261Hz

Introduction to Goalie Sticks EMA Process Comparison of results Wood vs CF Effect of knob on the end cap Further Research Questions Goalie Stick Vibrations Scott Hooper, Kettering University (Class of 2009)

Without TapeWith Tape Mode Shapes Tors 213 Hz Tors 241 Hz Bending 281 HzBending 261Hz

Jimmy Howard, Detroit Red Wings