Biogeochemical Cycles. 24/103 required by organisms Macronutrients: C,H,N,O,P,S Micronutrients.

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Presentation transcript:

Biogeochemical Cycles

24/103 required by organisms Macronutrients: C,H,N,O,P,S Micronutrients

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES The complete pathway that a chemical element takes through the biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere.

Elements transferred between compartments (pools) Active: accessible to living things Storage: inaccessible

CARBON CYCLE atmosphere biosphere respiration photosynthesis

CARBON CYCLE

atmosphere biosphere respiration photosynthesis combustion

A A A A A S S S S

Carbon Cycle Simulation

Enter the carbon cycle……. You are a carbon atom. You are now in a molecule of CO 2 in the atmosphere. Flip 2 coins:

Your carbon atom returns or remains in the atmosphere. Flip 2 coins :

Your carbon atom is absorbed into a plant leaf.

SUNLIGHT! PHOTOSYNTHESIS! Your carbon atom is incorporated into a sugar molecule by photosynthesis. C 6 H 12 O 6

Your carbon atom is now in a molecule of sugar in a plant. Flip 2 coins: C 6 H 12 O 6

Flip 2 coins: Your carbon atom is now in a protein molecule In the plant tissue.

Flip 2 coins: Your carbon atom in the plant tissue is eaten by a Primary Consumer (an herbivore).

Your carbon atom is now in a molecule of dead organic matter (detritus) Flip 2 coins:

Your carbon atom is now being burned (oxidized) in a fire. Your atom is being released to the atmosphere in a molecule of carbon dioxide.

The plant tissue with your carbon atom is now being ingested by a human. Flip 2 coins:

The molecule containing your carbon atom is now being ingested by a primary detritus feeder (decomposer). Flip 2 coins:

Your carbon atom is now in a molecule making up a tissue of your or another human’s body. Flip 1 coins:

Your carbon atom is now in a molecule making up tissue of a carnivore. Flip 2 coins:

The molecule containing your carbon atom is now being broken down in cell respiration to provide energy for the consumer. Your carbon atom is released as carbon dioxide.

The molecule containing your carbon atom is being ingested by a secondary consumer. Flip 2 coins:

The molecule with your carbon atom is now being absorbed by a bacteria. Flip 1 coin:

Your carbon atom is now being absorbed by a fungus. Flip 2 coins:

Your carbon atom is now being ingested by an insect. Flip 2 coins:

NO SUNLIGHT! NO PHOTOSYNTHESIS! The carbon atom returns to the atmosphere.

The sugar molecule is oxidized in cell respiration to provide energy for plant growth. Your carbon atom is released back to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

The plant tissue is eaten by an animal. What kind of animal? Flip 2 coins:

The plant dies.

The molecule containing your carbon is metabolized and into a molecule making up the tissue of the consumer’s body. Flip 2 coins:

The molecule is not digested. It passes through the intestinal tract as waste. Flip 2 coins:

The human dies and body is cremated.

The animal dies. Flip 2 coins:

The animal is eaten by a third order consumer. Flip 2 coins:

Nitrogen Cycle 78% of atmosphere is N 2 not in a form usable by most organisms Nitrogen fixation: conversion of nitrogen to usable form

Nitrogen Cycle atmosphere biosphere loss fixation gain denitrification

Nitrogen fixation 1. Biological a) by soil bacteria b) by blue-green algae c) by legumes 2. Industrial a) by manufacture of N fertilizer b) combustion of fossil fuels

Biological fixation a & b) Free-living N-fixing bacteria and algae -autotrophic -fix nitrogen c) Bacteria that are symbiotic with legumes; infect root nodules

Industrial fixation a)Haber Process: manufacture of N fertilizer b)Combustion of fossil fuels; forest fires

Denitrification Denitrifying bacteria convert usable N back to N 2 in atmosphere.

Outgassing Release of N to atmosphere during volcanic eruptions.

Nitrogen fixation exceeds denitrification : N fertilizer Combustion of fossil fuels Cultivation of legumes -excess nitrogen in biosphere

Nitrogen Cycle atmosphere biosphere loss fixation gain denitrification