Superconducting wind turbine generators – A game changer? Asger B. Abrahamsen, PhD Senior Research Scientist HI2015 Tuesday 22 September 2015 New innovations.

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Presentation transcript:

Superconducting wind turbine generators – A game changer? Asger B. Abrahamsen, PhD Senior Research Scientist HI2015 Tuesday 22 September 2015 New innovations and Game changers session

DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark20 September 2015 Add Presentation Title in Footer via ”Insert”; ”Header & Footer” Motivation 2 1G : Copper + Iron 2G : R 2 Fe 14 B magnets + Fe 10 MW ~ 6 tons PM 3G : RBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+x HTS + Fe 10 MW ~ 10 kg RBCO I B l D f Torque Fe B R R T C = 93 K B c2 ~ 100 Tesla J < 200 kA/mm 2 T C = 583 K B r ~ 1.4 Tesla Fe Cu J ~ 2 A/mm 2 T C = 1043 K B r ~ 0 Tesla T C = 39 K B c2 ~ 40 Tesla J < 20 kA/mm 2

DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark20 September 2015 Add Presentation Title in Footer via ”Insert”; ”Header & Footer” 3 Choice of superconductors Jensen, Mijatovic & Abrahamsen, J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 5, (2013) MgB 2 Columbus 1-4 €/m 20 €/m 30 €/m NbTi Bruker EST 0.4 €/m 4 mm Fill factor ~ 0.3 % AmSC YBCO Bi-2223

DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark20 September 2015 Add Presentation Title in Footer via ”Insert”; ”Header & Footer” INNWIND.EU – 10 MW MgB 2 SC Direct drive 4 10 MW reference turbine D = 178 m & 9.7 rpm King-pin nacelle (DNV-GL) Two main bearings on hub Blade loads directly to tower A.B Abrahamsen et. al., EWEA 2014 Front mounted generator - Easy to compare different types Scalable to 20 MW but issues with manufacturing (bearings and cast pieces) MgB 2 : T = 20 K by cooling machines D = 6.0 m L ~ 2.5 m

DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark20 September 2015 Add Presentation Title in Footer via ”Insert”; ”Header & Footer” 5 10 MW generator optimization D = 6.0 m Armature back B [T] Armature Cu Armature teeth SC field SC Pole SC back Fe: 3 €/kgMgB 2 : 4 €/m Cu: 15 €/kgG10: 15 €/kg PM: €/kg More iron

DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark20 September 2015 Add Presentation Title in Footer via ”Insert”; ”Header & Footer” Active material cost: MgB 2 from 4 €/m  1 €/m 6 Put as much iron as possible ! L MgB2 ~ 100 km assuming 1 €/m € MgB2 ~ 100 k€ Matches Permanent Magnet Direct Drive D. Liu et. al., submitted IJAEM

DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark20 September 2015 Add Presentation Title in Footer via ”Insert”; ”Header & Footer” Roadmap to 10 GW SCDD Abrahamsen and Jensen, "Wind Energy Conversion System: Technology and Trend“, ISBN , Springer Wire use 10 MW(GW) NbTi 720 km (Mm) km/year f CAPEX ~ 2% T = 4.2 K  MgB km (Mm) 5000 km/year   f CAPEX ~ 1-2% T = K REBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+x 200 km (Mm) 3000 km/year   f CAPEX ~ 40-50%  T = 20-40K

DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark20 September 2015 Add Presentation Title in Footer via ”Insert”; ”Header & Footer” Conclusion 8 Why superconducting? B airgap > 1 Tesla  More compact direct drive for Multi-MW turbines with high torque Vanishing dependency on Rare Earth element supply High magnetic field vs. high current density  High J most economical for MgB 2 & HTS NbTi: T = 4.2KGE (transfer MRI to wind)CAPEX fraction ~ 2 % MgB 2 : T = 20 KSUPRApower, Hypertech, AML, INNWIND CAPEX fraction ~ 1-2 % YBCO: T = KAMSC, (GE), ECOSWING, INNWIND CAPEX fraction ~ 40 % Chicken & egg: Demand to increase volume and drive down price of SC wires. Huge learning potential for MgB 2 and YBCO wires. Have to include wire improvement. Demonstrate MgB 2 and YBCO field coil technologies. Is it a game changer ? It is getting closer ….. But should we find a better material?

DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark20 September 2015 Add Presentation Title in Footer via ”Insert”; ”Header & Footer” 9 H 2 S The smell of rotten eggs Freeze & Press (a lot) T C = 203 K * H c2 (0)  73 Tesla A BCS superconductor !!!! Light elements combined with Hydrogen. Better candidates? Cooling by liquid natural gas (LNG) at 111 K or -162 o C * Drozdov et. al., Nature525, 73 (2015) Jensen et. al., J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 5, (2013)

DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark20 September 2015 Add Presentation Title in Footer via ”Insert”; ”Header & Footer” INNWIND.EU Collaborators in Workpackage 3 on Electromechanical Conversion 10 Asger B. Abrahamsen –DTU Wind Energy (DK) Dong Liu & Henk Polinder –Delft University of Technology (NL) Niklas Magnuson –SINTEF (N) Ewoud Stehouwer & Ben Hendriks -DNV GL (NL) Arwyn Thomas –Siemens Wind Power (DK) Project website: