Tinkering with Inheritance By: Emily Donnelly, Michael Benko and Emily Werfel

Selective Breeding Selective breeding is the process of breeding plants and animals with each- other for particular genetic traits in their offspring. NOTE: Offspring that are produced by 2 different types of an animal are often referred to as a “mutt” or “mongrel”.

How it works This is a diagram showing how when a wolf selectively breeds with another dog (such as a hound), they create a different mixed breed in their offspring.

Pros and Cons of Selective Breeding Pros: You have control over what traits you want. You can select the type of species you want to breed. You can get rid of certain traits. Cons: It is not the natural way of breeding It is not the natural traits you would get from your parents. This is a “morkie”, a mix between a yorkie and maltase.

Examples of Organisms Produced by Selective Breeding Black Lab/Saint Bernard Mix (Dog) Boston Terrier/Jack Russell Terrier (Dog) Greyhound/Beagle Mix (Dog) Black Lab/Saint Bernard Mix (Dog) Boston Terrier/Jack Russell Terrier (Dog) Greyhound/Beagle Mix (Dog)

Inbreeding The mating of individuals to create offspring that are closely related or of the same family which tends to increase the number of individuals that are born with homozygous genes (AA or BB).

How it works When 2 parents (sometimes can be siblings, cousins, etc.) of the same breed or family mate, they create more of the same species or breed. (In this case, 2 golden retrievers produced 2 more golden retrievers)

Pros and Cons of Inbreeding Pros: The parents can continue on the same breed as long as their kids reproduce or the parents continue to reproduce. The species type will NEVER be mixed with another species. Cons: There will be no species variation. The genes in each organism will be very similar to each-other There are often mutations present in the offspring of parents who inbreed.

Examples of Organisms Produced by Inbreeding Golden Retriever (Dog) Jack Russell (Dog) Beagle (Dog) Golden Retriever (Dog) Jack Russell (Dog) Beagle (Dog)

Hybridization An organism created by 2 or more parents to create a new living thing with different traits than once present.

How it Works This shows how A and R parents can have offspring with new traits, or a combination of traits (represented by AR).

Pros and Cons of Hybridization Pros: New traits can be created in offspring. There is a decreased risk for mutation Cons: Some traits will not be similar to either parent Offspring may not resemble their parents. When a schnauzer and a poodle mate……. They create a “scnoodle”

Examples of Organisms Created By Hybridization Schnoodle American French bull terrier Australian Terrier

Sources breeding breeding breeding breeding online.org/2/12_selective_breeding.htm online.org/2/12_selective_breeding.htm mation/SelectiveBreeding/tabid/3350/Default.aspx mation/SelectiveBreeding/tabid/3350/Default.aspx

THANKS FOR WATCHING! *woof*