April 8/9, 2003 Green Bank GBT PTCS Conceptual Design Review Out of Focus (OOF) Holography for the GBT Claire Chandler.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
A Crash Course in Radio Astronomy and Interferometry: 4
Advertisements

Basics of mm interferometry Turku Summer School – June 2009 Sébastien Muller Nordic ARC Onsala Space Observatory, Sweden.
30-meter cabin refurbishment for a large Field Of View: status of on-going study S.Leclercq 28/04/2008.
April 8/9, 2003 Green Bank GBT PTCS Conceptual Design Review Richard Prestage GBT Future Instrumentation Workshop, September 2006 The Green Bank Telescope:
Calibration Ron Maddalena NRAO – Green Bank November 2012.
Interferometric Spectral Line Imaging Martin Zwaan (Chapters of synthesis imaging book)
SIW 2003 The antenna element Ravi ATNF, Narrabri 1.The role of the antenna in a Fourier synthesis radio telescope 2.The Compact array antenna.
Multiple Criteria for Evaluating Land Cover Classification Algorithms Summary of a paper by R.S. DeFries and Jonathan Cheung-Wai Chan April, 2000 Remote.
Red: “ordinary” glass Orange: Quarter wave plate Nanometer Optical Imaging of Fluorescent Dyes Matthew Johns and Rolfe Petschek Dept of Physics CWRU
Atmospheric phase correction for ALMA Alison Stirling John Richer Richard Hills University of Cambridge Mark Holdaway NRAO Tucson.
Chapter 1 Ways of Seeing. Ways of Seeing the Atmosphere The behavior of the atmosphere is very complex. Different ways of displaying the characteristics.
The Future of the Past Harvard University Astronomy 218 Concluding Lecture, May 4, 2000.
Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Expanded Very Large Array Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope Very Long Baseline Array Green Bank Laser Rangefinders.
Thermally Deformable Mirrors: a new Adaptive Optics scheme for Advanced Gravitational Wave Interferometers Marie Kasprzack Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur.
Prospects for High-Frequency Calibration with the SMA Dual-IF/Receiver System Todd R. Hunter, Jun-Hui Zhao (CfA) Sheng-Yuan Liu, Yu-Nung Su, Vivien Chen.
1 CHAPTER M4 Cost Behavior © 2007 Pearson Custom Publishing.
Principles of the Global Positioning System Lecture 11 Prof. Thomas Herring Room A;
April 8/9, 2003 Green Bank GBT PTCS Conceptual Design Review Instrumentation K. Constantikes.
Spectral Line Calibration Techniques with Single Dish Telescopes K. O’Neil NRAO - GB.
April 8/9, 2003 Green Bank GBT PTCS Conceptual Design Review GBT Precision Telescope Control System Kim Constantikes 4/8-9/03.
KAT-7/MeerKAT Commissioning SPT and Commissioning teams * * Bennett, T., Blose, S., Booth, R., de Villiers,
GBT Spectral Baselines – Tuesday, 11 March 2003 GBT Spectral Baseline Investigation Rick Fisher, Roger Norrod, Dana Balser (G. Watts, M. Stennes)
Apr 17-22, Tunable filter wavelength scan and calibration of intensity ripple Y. Katsukawa (NAOJ) and SOT team.
Page 1© Crown copyright Distribution of water vapour in the turbulent atmosphere Atmospheric phase correction for ALMA Alison Stirling John Richer & Richard.
Calibration Ron Maddalena NRAO – Green Bank July 2009.
Survey Quality Jim Condon NRAO, Charlottesville. Survey Qualities Leiden 2011 Feb 25 Point-source detection limit S lim Resolution Ω s Brightness sensitivity.
Tenth Summer Synthesis Imaging Workshop University of New Mexico, June 13-20, 2006 Antennas in Radio Astronomy Peter Napier.
P.Napier, Synthesis Summer School, 18 June Antennas in Radio Astronomy Peter Napier Interferometer block diagram Antenna fundamentals Types of antennas.
Spectral Line VLBI Chris Phillips JIVE The Netherlands Chris Phillips JIVE The Netherlands.
Ping Zhang, Zhen Li,Jianmin Zhou, Quan Chen, Bangsen Tian
Molecular Gas and Dust in SMGs in COSMOS Left panel is the COSMOS field with overlays of single-dish mm surveys. Right panel is a 0.3 sq degree map at.
Modern Navigation Thomas Herring
Geographic Information Science
April 8/9, 2003 Green Bank GBT PTCS Conceptual Design Review Richard Prestage, Bojan Nikolic, Dana Balser 18 th August 2006 Adjusting the GBT Surface:
Academia Sinica National Taiwan University AMiBA System Performance Kai-yang Lin 1,2 and AMiBA Team 1,2,3 1 Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia.
December 3-4, 2003 Green Bank GBT PTCS In Progress Review Future Development Program Kim Constantikes, Richard Prestage.
The Active Optics System S. Thomas and the AO team.
Phase Referencing Using More Than One Calibrator Ed Fomalont (NRAO)
DVP Testing Neil Roddis Apr 15, SPDO Why is test and verification so important for SKA dishes? Capital cost: design for low cost of a few thousand.
Water Vapor In The Atmosphere: An Examination For CARMA Phase Correction Y.-S. Shiao, L. W. Looney and L. E. Snyder Department of Astronomy University.
The Very Small Array Angela Taylor & Anze Slosar Cavendish Astrophysics University of Cambridge.
Observing Strategies at cm wavelengths Making good decisions Jessica Chapman Synthesis Workshop May 2003.
ALMA Week 2003 Victoria, B. C. Phase Calibration Al Wootten (based on work by many)
The Australia Telescope National Facility Ray Norris CSIRO ATNF.
On Estimation of Soil Moisture with SAR Jiancheng Shi ICESS University of California, Santa Barbara.
The Effects of the Atmosphere on Radio Astronomy Observations Dana S. Balser.
Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Expanded Very Large Array Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope Very Long Baseline Array Observing Scripts Basic.
April 8/9, 2003 Green Bank GBT PTCS Conceptual Design Review Overview of the High Frequency Observing System Richard Prestage.
Correlation & Regression Analysis
December 3-4, 2003 Green Bank GBT PTCS In Progress Review EMS/LRF Update Richard Prestage.
Requirements for Single-Dish Holography Parameter Specification Goal Measurement error
On the Evaluation of Optical Performace of Observing Instruments Y. Suematsu (National Astronomical Observatory of Japan) ABSTRACT: It is useful to represent.
Atmospheric phase correction at the Plateau de Bure interferometer IRAM interferometry school 2006 Aris Karastergiou.
SPIE – June 25, The Details….. SPIE – June 25, Previous Focus Tracking Curves.
December 3-4, Green Bank GBT PTCS In Progress Review Thermal Focus and Pointing Corrections K. Constantikes.
20 June 2006 Green Bank GBT Performance Dana S. Balser.
January 6, 2005 URSI Nation Radio Science Meeting, Boulder, CO. Pointing and Focusing the GBT K. T. Constantikes NRAO Green Bank.
April 8/9, 2003 Green Bank GBT PTCS Conceptual Design Review Richard Prestage, Kim Constantikes, Dana Balser, Jim Condon The GBT Precision Telescope Control.
G. Mevi1,2, G. Muscari1, P. P. Bertagnolio1, I. Fiorucci1
Fringe-Fitting: Correcting for delays and rates
Observing Strategies for the Compact Array
Introduction to Using Radio Telescopes
G. Mevi1,2, G. Muscari1, P. P. Bertagnolio1, I. Fiorucci1
Data Reduction and Analysis Techniques
What’s New in HIPE 10.0 (SPIRE FTS)
Basics of Photometry.
Atmospheric phase correction for ALMA
Principles of the Global Positioning System Lecture 11
The Green Bank Telescope: Overview and Antenna Performance
Presentation transcript:

April 8/9, 2003 Green Bank GBT PTCS Conceptual Design Review Out of Focus (OOF) Holography for the GBT Claire Chandler

GBT PTCS Conceptual Design Review – April 8/9, 2003 Why OOF when you can do with-phase holography? There are many advantages to traditional holography, but also some disadvantages: –Needs extra instrumentation –Reference antenna needs to be close by so that atmospheric phase fluctuations are not a problem –S/N ratio required limits sources to geostationary satellites, which are at limited elevation ranges for the GBT (35  -45  ) Disadvantages of phase-retrieval holography? –Traditional methods require very high S/N

GBT PTCS Conceptual Design Review – April 8/9, 2003 A new technique for OOF Hills, Richer, & Nikolic (Cavendish Astrophysics, Cambridge) have proposed a new technique for phase-retrieval holography. It differs from “traditional” phase-retrieval holography in three ways: –It describes the antenna surface in terms of Zernike polynomials and solves for their coefficients, thus reducing the number of free parameters –It uses modern minimization algorithms to fit for the coefficients –It recognizes that the amount of defocusing is crucial to lowering the S/N requirements for the beam maps

GBT PTCS Conceptual Design Review – April 8/9, 2003 Early OOF results for the JCMT and GBT (1) The technique involves making both in-focus beam maps and maps with the secondary mirror defocused by known amounts. For the JCMT this has been carried out with focus offsets of  1mm ( obs =850  m) Images of 3C279 with focus  1mm, 0mm, +1mm

GBT PTCS Conceptual Design Review – April 8/9, 2003 Early OOF results for the JCMT and GBT (2) Aperture function of the JCMT inferred from OOF 3C279 maps Left, middle: phase from two different observations on the same night (black to white =  ) Right: amplitude (results from Nikolic, Richer, & Hills 2002)

GBT PTCS Conceptual Design Review – April 8/9, 2003 Early OOF results for the JCMT and GBT (3) One set of OOF maps using 12 GHz CH 3 OH masers have been used to measure the GBT surface: Left: phase; middle: amplitude; right: an example OOF map

GBT PTCS Conceptual Design Review – April 8/9, 2003 Some mathematics (from Richard Hills) Consider the combination of a perfect parabolic antenna with aperture function A 0, and phase errors Q(k). If Q small, A  A 0 (1+ i Q), and the far-field electric field pattern is E = FT [A 0 (1+ i Q)] = E 0 + i [E 0  FT (Q)] = E 0 + i F (defining F = E 0  FT (Q); F contains all the information about Q) Power pattern of the antenna is then P = |E 0 | 2 + |F| 2 + 2[  (E 0 )  (F)  (E 0 )  (F)] Small defocus  last term is negligible, and Q is derived from fitting for |F| 2 Large defocus  end term dominates and different defocus values weight  (F) and  (F) differently to obtain independent information about F

GBT PTCS Conceptual Design Review – April 8/9, 2003 S/N requirements for OOF holography The S/N required for OOF maps depends on the highest order of the Zernike polynomial to be fitted Some more work probably needs to be done to determine how S/N affects the accuracy of the fitted polynomial coefficients, but the JCMT results derived so far for terms up to radial order 7 (36 terms) used OOF maps with S/N ~ 200

GBT PTCS Conceptual Design Review – April 8/9, 2003 Sources of error for OOF on the GBT (1) Thermal (system) noise (including a contribution from the astronomical source in some cases) Pointing errors (current 3  rms limits possible surface accuracy from OOF to 180  m rms) 1/f noise in receiver gain stability: need to have  G/G  10  3 over time it takes to make a map Subreflector errors: estimates of these can come from fitting the OOF maps, but there are some correlations between pointing and subreflector offsets Changes in surface shape over the time it takes to make a map

GBT PTCS Conceptual Design Review – April 8/9, 2003 Sources of error for OOF on the GBT (2) Aim for S/N ~ 10 3 –Thermal noise will not dominate as long as the target source is stronger than ~1Jy (continuum) –Receiver stability may be an issue To limit elevation range, make maps at 3 focus positions in less than an hour From Norrod (2003)

GBT PTCS Conceptual Design Review – April 8/9, 2003 Project plan Week ending Apr 13: install OOF software, check data formats, have a means of applying derived corrections to the GBT surface; obtain test images using both continuum and spectral line sources Week ending Apr 20: Bojan Nikolic to assist in obtaining data and refining GBT model in OOF package; analyze receiver stabilities Week ending Apr 27: Test software technique by applying a known deformation to the GBT surface and see if OOF holography can reproduce it reliably