Chapter 2: Culture Objectives: Define values, norms, and sanctions, folkways, mores, and taboos Compare, contrast, and offer examples of dominant cultures, subcultures, and countercultures

Values and norms Values—the standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly Norms—the expectations, or rules of behavior, that develop to reflect and enforce values --broken into 4 groups: folkways, mores, taboos, and laws --moral holidays (Mardi Gras/Party Cove)

Sanctions Sanctions—expressions of approval or disapproval given to people for upholding or violating norms positive sanction—approval for following a norm --ex: smile, raise at work negative sanction—disapproval for breaking a norm --ex: frown, getting fired from job

Think & Share… As a group identify…  2 examples of positive sanctions  2 examples of negative sanctions

Folkways, mores, and taboos Folkways—norms that are not strictly enforced --ex: holding the door open for a person behind you, walking down the right side of a hallway, Mores—norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought essential to the core values or well-being of the group --These concepts can differ from group to group—one groups folkways can be another groups mores --ex: non-married couples living together,

Taboos Taboos—a norm so strong that it often brings revulsion if violated --ex: cannibalism, incest

Subcultures and Countercultures Subcultures—the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture; a world within a world --i.e.: truckers, carnies, football fans, bodybuilders, doctors Countercultures—a group whose values, beliefs, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture --i.e.: Hippies in the 60s/70s, Satanists, Hell’s Angels, Mormons in the 1800s

Subculture Project Glogster Create online, interactive poster about a subculture.