Chapter 16: World War Looms Section 2: War in Europe

Standards 11.7 Students analyze America's participation in World War II Students analyze America's participation in World War II..6 Describe major developments in aviation, weaponry, communication, and medicine and the war's impact on the location of American industry and use of resources..6 Describe major developments in aviation, weaponry, communication, and medicine and the war's impact on the location of American industry and use of resources.

Objectives Following lecture and reading of this section, students will be able to: Following lecture and reading of this section, students will be able to: 1. Explain Germany’s motives for expansion and the timid response of France and Britain 2. Describe Germany’s blitzkrieg tactics against Poland 3. Summarize the first battles of World War II

Austria & Czechoslovakia Fall Hitler planned to take the land of neighboring countries in order to expand the Third Reich Hitler planned to take the land of neighboring countries in order to expand the Third Reich Austria Austria Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia Hitler realized the possible risks: Hitler realized the possible risks: War War Revolution Revolution Rebellion Rebellion Collapse Collapse

Union with Austria Post WW I division of the Austro- Hungarian Empire created a fairly small Austria Post WW I division of the Austro- Hungarian Empire created a fairly small Austria The majority of Austrians were German The majority of Austrians were German They favored unification with Germany They favored unification with Germany March 12, 1938, German troops march into Austria unopposed, union complete March 12, 1938, German troops march into Austria unopposed, union complete U.S. & the rest of world do nothing to stop Germany U.S. & the rest of world do nothing to stop Germany

Bargaining for the Sudetenland 3 million German-speakers in Sudetenland 3 million German-speakers in Sudetenland Sudetenland is in the western border regions Sudetenland is in the western border regions Hitler wanted the region to provide more living space and control natural resources of the area Hitler wanted the region to provide more living space and control natural resources of the area To justify actions, Hitler claimed Czechs abused Sudeten Germans To justify actions, Hitler claimed Czechs abused Sudeten Germans Hitler began amassing German troops on border Hitler began amassing German troops on border

Bargaining for the Sudetenland 1938, Prime Ministers Daladier (F), Neville Chamberlain (GB) met with Hitler 1938, Prime Ministers Daladier (F), Neville Chamberlain (GB) met with Hitler Hitler promised Czechoslovakia would be his last territorial demand Hitler promised Czechoslovakia would be his last territorial demand Munich Agreement signed Munich Agreement signed Sudetenland over to Germany, no shots fired! Sudetenland over to Germany, no shots fired! Believed it was peace Believed it was peace Winston Churchill disagreed with appeasement policy; warned war would follow Winston Churchill disagreed with appeasement policy; warned war would follow Appeasement- giving up principles to pacify an aggressor Appeasement- giving up principles to pacify an aggressor Churchill was right, Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia later in 1938 Churchill was right, Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia later in 1938 Hitler then looked toward Poland Hitler then looked toward Poland

The Soviet Union Declares Neutrality Hitler claimed the Poles mistreated Germans in Poland and needed his protection Hitler claimed the Poles mistreated Germans in Poland and needed his protection Poland buffered USSR from Germany Poland buffered USSR from Germany Many thought Hitler was bluffing Many thought Hitler was bluffing Invading Poland would bring two-front war Invading Poland would bring two-front war A two front-war was the cause for the German collpse in WWI A two front-war was the cause for the German collpse in WWI Too difficult to fight on both sides Too difficult to fight on both sides Stalin & Hitler signed a nonaggression pact— will not attack each other Stalin & Hitler signed a nonaggression pact— will not attack each other They signed a second, secret pact, agreeing to divide Poland between them was it was defeated. They signed a second, secret pact, agreeing to divide Poland between them was it was defeated.

Blitzkrieg in Poland Sept. 1939, Hitler easily defeated Polish forces with the blitzkrieg, or “blitz” Sept. 1939, Hitler easily defeated Polish forces with the blitzkrieg, or “blitz” Lightning war (w/ tanks planes and bombs) Lightning war (w/ tanks planes and bombs) Poland divided Poland divided Germany annexed western 2/3 of Poland Germany annexed western 2/3 of Poland U.S.S.R. attacked & annexed eastern 1/3 of Poland U.S.S.R. attacked & annexed eastern 1/3 of Poland Holding to their alliance, France & Britain declared war on Germany Holding to their alliance, France & Britain declared war on Germany France & Britain agreed to aid Poland if they faced attack France & Britain agreed to aid Poland if they faced attack Poland fell as French & British could not attack fast enough Poland fell as French & British could not attack fast enough World War II began World War II began

The Phony War Then all of the sudden Hitler stopped his advances. Then all of the sudden Hitler stopped his advances. French & British troops sat at the Maginot Line looking into Germany on France’s eastern border with Germany. French & British troops sat at the Maginot Line looking into Germany on France’s eastern border with Germany. German troops sat at the Siegfried Line looking into France. German troops sat at the Siegfried Line looking into France.

Stalin Ends the Peace, Followed by Hitler Peace was broken when Stalin annexed Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania & defeated Finland Peace was broken when Stalin annexed Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania & defeated Finland Hitler invaded Denmark & Norway Hitler invaded Denmark & Norway Claiming to protect them from Stalin’s advances Claiming to protect them from Stalin’s advances Hitler really wanted to build military bases there to launch attacks on Britain Hitler really wanted to build military bases there to launch attacks on Britain Hitler then invaded the Netherlands, Belgium, & Luxembourg Hitler then invaded the Netherlands, Belgium, & Luxembourg

The Fall of France German army went north through Ardennes (heavily wooded forest) around the French & British troops German army went north through Ardennes (heavily wooded forest) around the French & British troops British & French fled north but were trapped at Dunkirk British & French fled north but were trapped at Dunkirk Ferried to safety in UK (400K in one week w/800 boats) Ferried to safety in UK (400K in one week w/800 boats) 1940, Italy invaded France from south; The Germans approached Paris 1940, Italy invaded France from south; The Germans approached Paris France fell; Germans occupied northern France France fell; Germans occupied northern France Nazi puppet government set up in southern France (Vichy) Nazi puppet government set up in southern France (Vichy) General Charles de Gaulle set up government-in- exile in England General Charles de Gaulle set up government-in- exile in England “France lost the battle, not the war!” “France lost the battle, not the war!”

The Battle of Britain Summer 1940, Germany prepared planes to combat the strong British navy Summer 1940, Germany prepared planes to combat the strong British navy By controlling the skies Hitler wanted to invade and defeat Britain By controlling the skies Hitler wanted to invade and defeat Britain Battle of Britain—German planes bomb British targets (British naval and air force) Battle of Britain—German planes bomb British targets (British naval and air force) Britain used radar to track & shoot German planes Britain used radar to track & shoot German planes Hitler called off invasion of Britain (****1 st stop of Hitler****) Hitler called off invasion of Britain (****1 st stop of Hitler****) The Luftwaffe, German Air Force was losing too many planes. The Luftwaffe, German Air Force was losing too many planes. Germans & British continued to bomb each other’s cities to destroy : Germans & British continued to bomb each other’s cities to destroy : Civilian moral Civilian moral War production War production