Compare and contrast the shape of the counties in Kentucky and Ohio. List one thing they have in common and one thing that is different.

Northwest Ordinance Passed by Congress in Creates procedure for the Northwest Territory to become no less than three and no more than five states Guarantees basic rights such as freedom of religion and right to trial by jury Most importantly, it prohibits the practice of slavery in these territories.

Impact on Westward Expansion Settlers pour into Ohio Valley and Northwest Territory. Sets up blueprint for the admission of new states into the United States Also sets up conflict between North and South over the expansion of slavery to new states

George Washington, Jay’s Treaty, 1794 – English agree to vacate their forts in the Northwest Territory Pinckney’s Treaty, 1794 – Settles boundary with Spanish Florida and grants American access to New Orleans. Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794 removes Native Americans from Northwest Territory.

French Revolution, 1789 French spend so much helping the American’s to win their revolution that it bankrupts the state. The people of France execute their king and establish the French Republic They will use the American government as model Washington keeps United States neutral during the Revolution.

New States added under Washington Vermont, 1791, was created from land that had belonged to New Hampshire and New York. Kentucky, 1792, was created from the three most western counties of Virginia (Fayette, Jefferson, and Lincoln) Tennessee, 1796, was originally known as the Southwest Territory

Washington’s Farewell Address Washington will peacefully give up power after his second term. In his farewell address he warns America not to form political parties. Says they will distract America from its goals, create jealousy, problems, and conflicts. John Adams will replace Washington as the President. Government will be divided between Federalists and Democratic Republicans, the first political parties

Check for understanding... Why was Washington’s choice to leave office so significant in United States and world history?

XYZ Affair with France Three ambassadors were sent to stop France from attacking our trading ships. They would not meet with the ambassadors unless they paid a bribe. The Americans refused and almost went to war with France “ Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute.”

In response, Congress passes the Alien and Sedition Acts These make it illegal to say something bad about the government. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions declared the acts unconstitutional

The Louisiana Purchase Thomas Jefferson becomes the third president in In 1804, Napoleon offers to sell him Louisiana for 12 million. The Constitution does not give the President the right to purchase land. Jefferson assumes it is covered under the right to negotiate treaties.

The Louisiana Purchase will double the size of the United States. It will eventually become part of fifteen states. It guarantees control of the Mississippi River. Lewis and Clark are hired by Jefferson to survey the new territory for the United States

War of 1812 America defeats Great Britain, even though Washington D.C. is burned. America will come out of the war a respected world power.

War of 1812 Great Britain kidnaps American sailors; impressment GB also encourages Native American attacks; prevents settlement west

American declares war on Great Britain Attacks Canada, a British colony. Burns the Parliament in York, Canada’s capital. Unable to win and force back into the US Many Kentuckians will fight and die in these battles “Remember the Raisin”

British Fight Back Great Britain will invade Chesapeake Bay. They will attack Washington, D.C., burning the Capital and the White House

British Attack Baltimore Baltimore is a major port in the Chesapeake Bay. Fort McHenry is key to defending the harbor. British bombard the fort all night. Unable to destroy it, the British are forced to withdrawel Great Britain and America will sign the Treaty of Ghent, ending the war.

Battle of New Orleans Happens after the peace treaty is signed Andrew Jackson defeats a much larger British army Major American victory

The Monroe Doctrine President James Monroe will declare North and South America off limits to the Europeans. No colonies. America and Europe agree to stay out of each other’s business.

America Early Challenges EventPresidentWhy it was a challenge Northwest Ordinance allows expansion, Articles of Confederation America must decide how new states will enter the United States Jay’s Treaty and Pinckney’s Treaty, 1794 Washington, America must gain control of its territory east of the Mississippi Washington Gives Up Power, 1797 Can the Constitution transfer power peacefully XYZ Affair, 1798 Adams, How can America deal with a lack of respect with world powers

America’s Early Challenges EventPresidentWhy it was a challenge Jefferson purchases Louisiana, 1804 Jefferson, Can the Constitution handle new situations War of 1812 Madison, American wins the respect of the world Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819 Monroe, Full control of Atlantic coast Monroe Doctrine, 1823America is the dominant power of the New World

The Age of Jackson

Wins Election of 1828; Beats John Quincy Adams He was the first president of the Democrat Party His presidency was dominated by the Indian Removal Act, the national bank, and increasing sectionalism

Native Americans in Early America By 1830, Native Americans still held lands East of the Mississippi in the Northwest and the Southeast surrounded by white settlers. Cherokees were most advanced and were known as the “civilized”tribe They had a written language, a constitution, and a capital called New Echota Chief John Ross traveled to Washington D.C. and argued their case to the Supreme Court and won.

Early settlers would build their homes on Native American lands without permission. States would remove Native Americans and give their homes and land to white settlers. Many Native Americans fought back, burning settler’s homes and farms. According the Jackson, Indians would need to be removed for their own safety

Indian Removal Act Settlers wanted the Native American’s land east of the Mississippi. Congress ignores Supreme Court and passes the Indian Removal Act in The act will relocate the Native Americans to lands West of the Mississippi River.

Trail of Tears The Cherokee will travel 800 miles to their reservation. 4,000 will die and the trip will be known as the Trail of Tears. The Seminole Indians in Florida will continue to fight and some remain in Florida today.

National Bank Crisis The Second National Bank was controlled by the federal government and controlled the state banks. Jackson opposed the national bank because the Constitution didn’t allow for one. He closed the Second National Bank and put the federal money into smaller state banks, which loaned money to poor farmers in the South and West. This will help to create greater sectionalism in the United States because it gives more power to individual states.

Industrial Revolution in America The Industrial Revolution begins in Great Britain with the textile (cloth) industry. Machines replace people/animals Samuel Slater builds first textile mill in Rhode Island. Starts Industrial Revolution in America. The Northern states will depend on manufacturing built during the Industrial Revolution for their economy.

The Industrial Revolution will change transportation and communication. Roads will be built to connect major cities. The Erie Canal opens in By 1840, there are 3000 canals built. By 1840, there are 3,000 miles of railroad track. In 1840, Samuel Morse invents the telegraph. It can send messages instantly over large distances.telegraph

Industrial Revolution in the South Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin which removes seeds from cotton easier. Production of “King Cotton” in the south rapidly increased because of demand from Northern and British factories. The Southern states will depend on agriculture, especially cotton, for their economy. Cotton production increases demand for slaves in the South.

Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny is the belief that America has a God given right to settle all the land from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

Manifest encourages Americans to move west using three main trails: 1.The Santa Fe Trail started in Missouri and led settlers to the American Southwest. 2.The Oregon Trail started in Missouri and led settlers into the American Northwest and California. 3.The Mormon Trail was used by Joseph Smith to lead the Mormons to Utah.

Republic of Texas By 1830, 30,000 Americans had settled in Texas, which was owned by Mexico They demanded independence from Mexico, and fought battles at the Alamo and San Jacinto. They became an independent country in 1836, and were annexed into the United States in 1845.

Mexican-American War Mexico was angry over losing Texas to the United States. After Texas, America offered to buy New Mexico and California. Mexico refused to meet with the American diplomats. We declared war on Mexico in 1846.

Mexican-American War The first United States Marines invade Mexico at Veracruz. The United States easily defeat the Mexican Army and take their capital, Mexico City. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo gives us most of the American Southwest, setting out current border with Mexico.

California Gold Rush Gold was discovered at Sutter’s Mill in California in By 1849, 80,000 “Forty-Niners” had moved to California to get rich mining gold. This flood of population gave California enough people to become a state in 1849.