Lesson 6 TERRITORIAL EXPANSION AND POPULATION GROWTH

Lesson 6 STANDARDS The student will analyze the impact of territorial expansion and population growth and the impact of this growth in the early decades of the new nation. ◦1. Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s importance in the westward migration of Americans, and on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states. ◦2. Describe Jefferson’s diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France and the territory’s exploration by Lewis and Clark. ◦3. Explain major reasons fro the War of 1812 and the war’s significance on the development of a national identity. ◦4. Describe the construction of the Erie Canal, the rise of New York City, and the development of the nation’s infrastructure. ◦5. Describe the reasons fro the importance of the Monroe Doctrine.

Northwest Ordinance The region west of the Appalachians had been settled by the French and English settlers Several states had claimed this land but reluctantly forfeited the claim in order to settle state Revolutionary War debts Congress hoped to sell the new lands to pay off the debts and the fund the new government The Land Ordinance of 1785 was passed by the Confederation Congress in order to solve the issue of competing land claims ◦It divided the land into rectangular sections which made it easier to determine boundary lines ◦This methodology would be used every time the Us Acquired new lands ◦It also provided a way for free public education to be financed through the sale of the Sixteenth section in each township.

Northwest Ordinance

The land north and west of the Ohio River became known as the Northwest Territory This was the first territory created outside of the original 13 states. The Northwest Land Ordinance of 1787 provided the method for which new territories would be admitted into the United States It banned slavery in the Northwest territory making the Ohio River the boundary between free states and slave states The Ordinance demonstrated that the new national government encouraged westward expansion The laws of the national government would follow the people across the continent New states would be admitted to the Union as equal members

Northwest Territory

Louisiana Purchase Louisiana was originally part of New France New Orleans was the key port in the region and allowed trade for American farm goods produced in the Ohio River Valley President Jefferson sent Robert Livingston and James Monroe to France in order to secure a permanent port on the Mississippi River In order to finance his war in Europe Napolean agreed to sell the Louisiana Territory to the US for $15 million

Louisiana Purchase This doubled the size of the United States Jefferson entered the Presidency as a Democratic-Republican (anti-federalists) but the Louisiana Purchase greatly expanded the power of the Presidency

Louisiana Purchase

Lewis and Clark Expedition With the purchase of the Louisiana Territory, the Ohio River Valley began to be settled quickly  Jefferson feared that the difficulty of communicating and trading with the East coast would cause secession from the United States No one was exactly sure what laid between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean In order to explore this new land, Jefferson hired Meriwether Lewis and William Clark Lewis and Clark were to explore Louisiana and the western lands all the way to the Pacific Ocean

Lewis and Clark Expedition 16 months Charted the trails west mapped rivers and mountains ranges Wrote descriptions and collected samples of unfamiliar animals and plants Recorded facts, customs, and figures of Native American tribes Reached the Pacific Ocean and established a legal claim to the region along the Columbia River

Lewis and Clark Expedition

War of 1812 Britain and France were in war since 1789 American was frequently caught in the middle because British and French naval forces seized American ships and cargo Early Presidents were able to stay clear of the war in Europe but in 1809 tensions intensified between the British and the United States June 12, 1812 President James Madison asked for a declaration of war from Congress

War of 1812: Causes President Madison expressed 4 reasons for America’s first war: 1. Americans objected to restrictions Britain was enforcing to prevent neutral American merchants from trading with the French 2. Americas were outraged by the British policy of impressment  American sailors forced to serve in the British navy 3. the British refused to turn over fortifications along the Great Lakes as required by the Treaty of Paris of 1783  it was suspected that the British were supporting Native Americans who were resisting American settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains 4. Americans wanted to drive the British out of North America altogether  conquer Canada while the British were fighting the French

War of 1812: Results The war was a military disaster for the US but the US lost no territory to the British and gained respect for stepping up against Europe’s most powerful nation The war ended all Native American hope of driving Americans from the Ohio River Valley The war marked the end of the Federalist Party because they failed to support the call for war The War of 1812 marked the end of all US military hostility with Great Britain  no more war over diplomacy, trade, territory, or other kind of dispute

National Infrastructure During this time period many American families moved toward the Mississippi River in order to claim new lands. Travel was difficult  taking a week in what could be done in a couple hours with a car today Private companies built primitive roads with tolls  travels had to pay a fee, the fees paid for upkeep and the building of new roads Barges and waterways were used where roads couldn’t exist  the invention of the steamboat changed travel by allowing people to travel down and up stream Where water didn’t exist  canals (artificial rivers) were built Canals were for barges not steamboats  the barges were towed by horses walking on the side of the canal

Erie Canal The most famous canal during this era was the Erie Canal It connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean It stretched 363 miles from Lake Erie to the Hudson River (which flowed to the Atlantic Ocean through New York City) It took 8 years to build and provided cheap transportation Cargo that cost $100/ton and took 2 weeks to travel by road now moved at $10/ ton and took 3 ½ days by canal The Erie Canal opened up western New York and other western regions to settlement and helped unite those new regions to the Atlantic Ocean

Rise of New York City Until 1790, New York was the capital of the United States Civic development turned the city into a great economic center  it was built on a grid system which made navigation and trade easy By 1835, New York City was the largest city in the US (even larger than Philadelphia) Trade in New York city exploded when the Erie Canal made it the link between Europe and the interior US New York City was the home to the US’s artisans, craft workers, banking, and commercial activities

Monroe Doctrine By 1823, wars in Europe were coming to an end In fear of European countries wanting to come reclaim lands in the Americas  President Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine The Monroe Doctrine stated that no country should attempt to re-establish or create a new colony in the western hemisphere (the Americas)  such action would be viewed as an act of war towards the US In return the US promised to stay out of European issues and leave alone already established colonies in the western hemisphere