Chapter 2 Protecting our environment

A. What do you know about ……? Before you read the interview on the next page, try this quiz about trees.

a. mice b. pine trees c. cats d. dolphins e. people i. 75 years ii. 14 years iii. 25 years iv. 1,200 years v. 2 years 1. How long do they live? Match the items on the left with the ages on the right.

2. Pollution means the process of making things dirty and unhealthy. Which type of pollution do trees help fight? a. air pollution b. water pollution c. noise pollution d. all of the above

3. Which of the following come from trees? a. apples b. beans c. cotton d. oil e. tea f. rubber

4. The best-known flowers in Shenzhen are azaleas. These sweet-smelling flowers are known as the flowers of Shenzhen city. Which picture shows azaleas?

B. Look and think Before you read the interview, look at the title, the introduction and the pictures. Then say whether the following statements are T (True) or F (False).

1. The ‘pollution fighters’ are probably scientists. 2. Few useful things come from trees. 3. Trees give out harmful gases. 4. Trees can pass information to one another.

Reading passage Pollution fighters This is an interview between Judy and Dr Ray about trees.

Judy is collecting information for a project on pollution. She learns: P1-2: Trees are the biggest and oldest living things on Earth. P3-6: Trees provide many things such as wood, rubber and paper. They cool and clean the air. They are natural air conditioners.

P7-8: Scientists are only now beginning to understand trees. Trees can warn each other of insect attacks and pass food and water to one another through their roots. But many things about them are still a mystery. P9-10: Trees are in danger because we are destroying our best pollution fighters.

1. collect (v.) bring things together 收 集 Tom collected some information for his homework. Tom 收集了一些关于他作业的消息。 Vocabulary:

2. project (n.) a piece of work that involves a careful study of a particular subject 课题研究 It took me two months to finish that science project. 我花了两个月的时间完成了科学课 题。

3. interview (v.) talk with someone and ask him or her questions about something 采访 We are now going to interview the Minister of Education. 我们现在就去采访教育部长。

4. doctor (n.) a person who has the highest degree at a university 博士 Amy graduated as a doctor from that university. Amy 从那所大学以博士的身份毕业了。

5. end (n.) [P4] the part of something that is further away from its centre 末端 Turn left at the end of the street. 在街末端向左拐。 6. breathe (v.) [P4] take in air 呼吸 All animals need to breathe to live. 所有动物需要以呼吸维持生存。

7. natural (adj.) [P6] existing in nature 天然的，自然的 Some desert countries have few natural resources. 一些沙漠国家只有很少的自然资源。

8. cool (v.) [P6] make something become cool 冷却 I put some ice into the glass to cool the water inside. 为了冷却水我往杯子里放了些冰块。

9. chemical (n.) [P8] something produced by or used in chemistry 化 学物质 The farmers used chemicals to kill the insects. 农民用化学品杀死虫。

10. join (v.) [P8] connect things together 加入，连接 The Channel Tunnel joins France and the UK. 英吉利海峡连接了法国和英国。

11. underground (adv.) [P8] under the surface of the ground 在地下 Some animals such as moles live underground. 一些动物像鼹鼠生活在地下。

12. communicate with (phrase) (P8) give and receive information, messages, signals, etc. 与 …… 沟通交流 In the past, people would often communicate with each other using letters. 过去人们用信进行沟通。

13. in danger (phrase) [P9] in a dangerous situation 处境危险 Many animals are in danger because hunters are killing them or destroying their homes. 许多动物处境危险，因为猎人的猎杀 或者人类对他们生存空间的破坏。

14. cut down (phrase) [P10] cut something to make it fall down 砍倒 They cut down the trees to build a wooden cottage. 他们砍倒树去建造木屋。 15. burn (v.) [P10] damage sth by fire 燃 烧 He burnt the letter after reading it. 他读完信后烧了它。

16. destroy (v.) [P10] damage something so badly that it no longer exists or works 破坏 His car was destroyed in a car crash. 他的汽车在一场车祸中撞坏了。

17. against (prep.) [P10] disagreeing; opposing 反对，违反 Peter took part in a campaign against smoking. Peter 参加了一个禁烟的活动。

重点讲解 翻译下面课本中的原句，请阅读讲解， 领会其知识要点。 1. Why are you so interested in trees, Doctor Ray? (Paragraph 2) 译文 : 雷博士，你为什么对树那么感兴趣？

要点 : be interested in ：对 …… 感兴趣 We are interested in computer games. 我们对电脑游戏感兴趣。 interesting ：有趣的 注意与 interested 的区别 The book is very interesting. I’m interested in it. ( 这本书很有趣，我对它 感兴趣。 ) 可以看出， book 是物，只能是 " 有趣 " ，不可能对其他东西感兴趣，故 用 interesting 。

2...., it can warn its neighbours. (Paragraph 9) 译文 : …… 它能警告其邻居。 要点 : warn ： v. 警告，提醒 She warned us that the winter would be very cold. 她曾提醒我们冬天会很冷。

warn 三个句型 a. warn sb. to do sth. ：提醒某人做某事 They warned him to be careful. 他们告 戒过他要小心。 b. warn sb. against sb. / sth. ：告戒某人 提防某人（某事） The old man warned us against swimming in that river. 老人告戒我们 不要在河里游泳。

c. warn sb. of sth. ：对某人发出关于 …… 的警告 The sign warned us of the danger ahead. 这标志警告我们前面有危险。

3. We are destroying our best fighters against pollution. (Paragraph 11) 译文 : 我们正在摧毁最棒的环保卫士。 要点 : against ： prep 反对，违反； 与 …… 相对 That’s against the law. 那是违法的。 against 与 for 的意思相反，它们构成的 词组也往往是反义词。

fight for 为 …… 而战； fight against 同 …… 作战 speak for 为某人说话； speak against 反对 Are you for the plan or against it? 你支持这个计划还是反对它呢？

难点点拨 1. The other trees then produce a chemical to make their leaves taste bad to protect themselves. (Paragraph 9) 于是，其他树就会产生一种化学物质， 让其叶子味道难忍，从而达到保护自 己的目的。

[ 点拨 ] 句中 to make their leaves taste bad 和 to protect themselves 都用来表示目的 不定式（ to do sth. ）表示目的在英语 很常见。 例如： We eat to live. （我们吃饭是为 了活着。）

两个重要的搭配需要重视： a. make + n. / pron. + do sth. ：使 …… 做 某事 The teacher makes us do our homework every day. 老师让我们每天做作业。 b. protect oneself ：保护自己 How do the animals protect themselves? 动物们是如何保护自己的？

2. Trees are communicating with one another, but we don’t know how. (Paragraph 9) 树是有相互交流的，但我们不知道 它们怎样交流。 [ 点拨 ] 为避免重复， how 后面省略 了 trees are communicating with one another 。

句中 one another 的意思是 “ 互相 ” ，常用 于多者之间。注意： each other 也表示 " 互相 " ，它可用于两者之间或多者之间。

C. Find the meanings C1. Find these words in the interview on page 17. Read the words around them and choose the best meanings. 1. collecting a. picking someone up b. ringing things together c. buying

2. join a. take part in b. put away c. Make two or more things together 3. Communicating with a. attacking b. Sending messages to c. joining

4. in danger a. not dangerous b. safe c. not safe 5. burn a. save b. damage something by fire c. make warm

6. destroying a. protecting b. helping c. damaging badly 7. against a. for b. saying no to c. saying yes to

C2. Find the words in Column A in the interview and match them with the meanings in Column B.

A 1. project 2. interviewing 3. breathing 4. natural 5. warn 6. A chemical 7. cut down B a. made by nature, not by man b. Talking to someone and asking them questions c. A careful study of a subject by school or students d. Taking in air e. Something produced by or used in chemistry f. Cut something to make it fall down g. Say that something bad or dangerous may happen

D. Find the facts Judy took some notes from her interview with Doctor Ray. However, she made four mistakes in her notes. Read through the interview and correct Judy’s mistakes. You may have to change one or more words.

Trees: 1. live much longer than people; 2. produce wood, rubber, paper, etc.; 3. heat the air; 4. cannot clean the air; 5. Are like air conditioners; 6. Cannot protect themselves against insects; 7. can share food and water with one another; 8. are in danger, mainly from insects. Cool Can people/human beings

Rita is asking May questions about trees. May is giving Yes or No answers. Read Rita’s questions and complete May’s answers with one or more words. E. Read and think

1. RITA: We get some useful things from trees. Is that right? MAY: ____. Two examples are _______________. 2. RITA: Trees do two main things to the air. Is that right? MAY: ____. They ________________. Yes wood and rubber Yes cool it and clean it

only now beginning to understand them 3. RITA: One tree has the power of 15 air conditioners. Is that right? MAY: ____. One tree has the power of ___________________. 4. RITA: Do scientists know a lot about trees? MAY: ____. They are ____________ _______________________________. No five air conditioners No

5. RITA: Can trees communicate with one another? MAY: _____. For example, when insects _________________________ __________. 6. RITA: And can they protect themselves from insects? MAY: ____. They can produce _______ __________________________. Yes chemical to make their leaves taste bad Yes attack a tree, it can warn its neighbours

7. RITA: Can trees help one another? MAY: ____. For example, they can ________________________________ ______________________________. 8. RITA: Every year, there are fewer and fewer trees in the world. Is that true? MAY: ____. People _______________ _____________________ every year. Yes join their roots together underground and pass each other food and water Yes cut down and burn a lot of trees every year

根据课文内容填空 Trees are the biggest and oldest living things on ______. They are very ______. They not only provide things but also help people ______ against pollution. Trees can _______ themselves. Earth useful fight protect

They can _____ each other of insect attacks and pass food to ____ another through their roots. Trees are ____ danger now because we destroy a lot of them every year. We are destroying our best pollution _________. warn one in fighters

根据句意及汉语提示写出所缺的单词或 短语。 1. We all like TV, but my grandfather enjoys ___________( 听 ) the radio. 2. My bother ___________( 采访 ) people and writes their stories every day. 3. Every year people _________ ( 砍 伐 ) _______ ( 大量的 ) trees. listening to interviews cut down a lot of

4. Li Ming is my best friend. We often help __________ （互相）. 5. Tom, you must put on more clothes to _______ （保护） yourself _______ ( 防止 ) cold. 6. The ________ （天然的） food is usually healthy food. each other protect against natural

7. People in many countries __________________ （与 …… 交流） one another in English. 8. Doctor Hill knows ______ （很 多） about animals. communicate with a lot

用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Thank you very much for ______(let) me ______(know) the news. 2. What can I do _________(make) him _________(believe) me? 3. Trees are one of the oldest _______(live) things on Earth. Lettingknow to make believe living

4. How could these small wild animals protect ____________(they)? 5. Don’t eat too much fat. It will make you __________(health). 6. Most children enjoy _______ (play) games. themselves unhealthy playing

7. ________(insect) may attack people, so you must be careful of them. 8. Jenny wants her brother ________(help) her with her Chinese. Insects to help

根据提示翻译下列句子。 1. 同学们对这部电影很感兴趣。 The students ___________________ this film. 2. 你最好出去呼吸新鲜空气。 ___________ go out and _______________ air. 3. 什么事让你来这么早？ What ____________ you ______so early? are very interested in You’d better breathe the fresh makes / made come

4. 老师告戒我们夏天防止害虫。 The teacher _______ us _______ harmful insects in summer. 5. 我们需要相互传递信息。 We need to ______________________________. warnedagainst pass information to one another