Vern Putz Anderson Wholesale Retail Trade Sector Sector Coordinator Vern Putz Anderson Wholesale Retail Trade Sector Sector Coordinator MSD Research Issues WRT Perspective March 18, 2010 Columbus, Ohio March 18, 2010 Columbus, Ohio

WRT Strategic Goal  Activity/Output Goal Enlist the support of experienced practitioners who have worked in the sector to identify workplace solutions for manual materials handling problems that would be suitable for publication as a NIOSH document. 2

WRT Strategic Goal  Activity/Output Goal Enlist the support of experienced practitioners who have worked in the sector to identify workplace solutions for manual materials handling problems that would be suitable for publication as a NIOSH document.  Activity/Output Goal Conduct studies to assess the effectiveness of workplace interventions that are designed to reduce the physical stresses and risk of MSD injuries from manual materials handling.  Activity/Output Goal Enlist the support of experienced practitioners who have worked in the sector to identify workplace solutions for manual materials handling problems that would be suitable for publication as a NIOSH document.  Activity/Output Goal Conduct studies to assess the effectiveness of workplace interventions that are designed to reduce the physical stresses and risk of MSD injuries from manual materials handling. 3

WRT Strategic Goal  Activity/Output Goal Enlist the support of experienced practitioners who have worked in the sector to identify workplace solutions for manual materials handling problems that would be suitable for publication as a NIOSH document.  Activity/Output Goal Conduct studies to assess the effectiveness of workplace interventions that are designed to reduce the physical stresses and risk of MSD injuries from manual materials handling.  Activity/Output Perform a business case analysis of one or more interventions for the WRT sector. Select an intervention that is being developed for reducing MSDs associated with manual materials handling activities.  Activity/Output Goal Enlist the support of experienced practitioners who have worked in the sector to identify workplace solutions for manual materials handling problems that would be suitable for publication as a NIOSH document.  Activity/Output Goal Conduct studies to assess the effectiveness of workplace interventions that are designed to reduce the physical stresses and risk of MSD injuries from manual materials handling.  Activity/Output Perform a business case analysis of one or more interventions for the WRT sector. Select an intervention that is being developed for reducing MSDs associated with manual materials handling activities. 4

WRT Strategic Goals  Reduce chronic musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in wholesale and retail trade (WRT) workers. 5

WRT Strategic Goals  Reduce chronic musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in wholesale and retail trade (WRT) workers.  Activity/Output Goal Conduct a set of laboratory studies to assess the mechanisms that produce MSDs and aid recovery.  Reduce chronic musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in wholesale and retail trade (WRT) workers.  Activity/Output Goal Conduct a set of laboratory studies to assess the mechanisms that produce MSDs and aid recovery. 6

WRT Strategic Goals  Reduce chronic musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in wholesale and retail trade (WRT) workers.  Activity/Output Goal Conduct a set of laboratory studies to assess the mechanisms that produce MSDs and aid recovery.  Examine the role or interaction of work and non work risk factors in the etiology of MSDs. (See next two slides for variables to study)  Reduce chronic musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in wholesale and retail trade (WRT) workers.  Activity/Output Goal Conduct a set of laboratory studies to assess the mechanisms that produce MSDs and aid recovery.  Examine the role or interaction of work and non work risk factors in the etiology of MSDs. (See next two slides for variables to study) 7

Work Related Risk Factors  Posture  Force  Duration/Task Exposure  Repetition  Contact pressure  Vibration  Rest recovery times  Psychosocial  Environmental – lighting noise, temperature  Posture  Force  Duration/Task Exposure  Repetition  Contact pressure  Vibration  Rest recovery times  Psychosocial  Environmental – lighting noise, temperature 8

Non-Work Related Risk Factors Individual  Age  Gender  Physical size  Psychosocial  Previous injury  Health Factors  Stress  Physical conditioning  Genetics  Extracurricular activities  Age  Gender  Physical size  Psychosocial  Previous injury  Health Factors  Stress  Physical conditioning  Genetics  Extracurricular activities 9

What factor/variable is missing? 10 Impairs Brain Functioning

Impairs Performance Similar to Alcohol Intoxication 17 hr awake similar to BAC 0.05% 24 hr awake similar to BAC 0.10% (Dawson & Reid, 1997; Williamson & Feyer, 2000; Arendt et al. 2005)

Fatigue Without Enough Sleep  slower to react  cloudy mind & bad moods  risky behavior ↑  less able to learn  slower to react  cloudy mind & bad moods  risky behavior ↑  less able to learn (Durmer & Dinges 2005)

Immune system less able to fight germs Insulin blood sugar system disrupted Appetite hormones off balance → overeat (Cohen et al. 2009; Spiegel et al. 2002; Van Cauter & Spiegel 1999)

Three Factors Increase Risk for Fatigue 1.Time of Day – dip in alertness due to circadian rhythms 2 AM to 6 AM 12 MN to 2 AM 2 PM to 5 PM 2. Time Awake – Sleep Debt 3. Time on Task - monotonous tasks

Shift Work, Long Work Hours, Other Disrupt Circadian Rhythms Disturb Sleep Worker Employer Community Disturb Family & Social Life

st 2nd 3rd 4th night shifts (adapted from Folkard & Lombardi, 2006) Estimated Risk over 4 Successive Nights Relative Risk

x 8h 6 x 8h 4 x 12h 4 x 12h day night day nights (adapted from Folkard & Lombardi, 2006) Estimated Risk of Incidents 48-h Shifts Relative Risk

Day Evening Night (adapted from Folkard & Lombardi, 2006) Relative Risk of Incidents – 5 Studies

Impacts to Community Medical errors (Landrigan et al. 2004; Rogers et al. 2004) Automobile crashes (Barger et al. 2005; Kirkcaldy et al. 1997) Industrial disasters (Mitler et al. 1988; Folkard & Lombardi 2006)

Musculoskeletal Disorders 8 studies with control for physical demands report MSD linked to long work hours (Caruso & Waters, 2008)

(Luckhaupt et al, in press)

WRT Research Needs Fatigue Studies that assess the role of fatigue in the etiology of MSDs. Studies that assess the role of fatigue as a risk factor for MSDs. Studies that assess the role of fatigue as it affects safe or unsafe behavior. Studies that assess the extent of fatigue as a chronic condition within the WRT sector.