Oct 20th Learning Target: I can understand the steps Presidents took that got us to war. Literacy Target: I can convey ones thinking using proper writing conventions. Opener: Write down the word “diplomacy” -predict what you think it means -THEN look it up in a dictionary Now, write it in a sentence about Presidents.

Big Stick Policy; Dollar Diplomacy; Moral Diplomacy; applications and impact on the US. 1880-1918

Big Stick Diplomacy “Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick, and you will go far.” • Also Known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. (expanded upon it) • “Speak Softly and carry a Big Stick”-West African Proverb-basically use Force. • Allowed United States intervention in Latin American business.

Application of “Big Stick Policy” U.S. Intervention in the Panama Canal Zone in 1903 independence for Panama from Columbia Roosevelt “negotiated” control of the canal zone IF Panama resisted the US would bring in military The United Fruit Company’s interests were protected by moving troops into Latin America We like our fruit and wanted the transportation to go smoothly

How does this Political Cartoon show “Big Stick Diplomacy”?

Impacts • Making the Panama Canal led to criticism of the US and international controversy. • Roosevelt mediated a dispute between England, France, and Germany over territorial rights in Morocco. His settling of the Russo-Japanese war garnered respect for Roosevelt’s policy. He won the Nobel Peace Prize • Allowed effective bullying of Latin American countries in order to force compliance. • Treaty of Portsmouth (1905) was created Ended Russo Japanese War Led to resentment of US by Japan and Russia

PROs and CONs Very effective policy Exercised US military Provided healthy economic atmosphere in the US Encouraged Patriotism Somewhat brutal and insensitive Seen as “invasions” Only for America- not for other nations Teetered on “ethnocentrism”

Dollar Diplomacy " This policy has been characterized as substituting dollars for bullets. It is one that appeals alike to idealistic humanitarian sentiments, to dictates of sound policy, and strategy, and to legitimate economic aims." Taft's idea to further the United State's aims in Latin America and East Asia by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. Taft urges Wall Street investors to invest money in foreign markets in order to increase American influence abroad. Loans were meant to improve infrastructure

Who do you see in this political cartoon? What are they doing? The battle between Taft and Roosevelt bitterly split the Republican Party; Taft's people dominated the party until 1936.

Applications of Dollar Diplomacy The United States gave millions of dollars of investment into unstable Latin American countries like Honduras, Nicaragua, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic. Honduras had been in debt forever and took several loans from England, yet it could not pay off any of them. Taft had US banks pay off Honduras’ debts to England with hope that it would lead to political stability.

Impacts Eventually the US had to send in troops to protect their investments. (Only partially effective) Quite costly for the U.S. Not an effective policy overall

Dollar Diplomacy Pro Con Made allies for US Exercised American Military in economic diplomacy Assists in the security of the Panama Canal Called for further intervention in places like Haiti by the United States Early opposition by both Progressives and Insurgent Republicans in the Senate Failed to counteract economic instability and the tide of revolution

Moral Diplomacy “The force of America is the force of moral principle Wilson’s take on a new and improved foreign diplomacy policy. • Proposed in 1912 following Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy; based off of economic power instead of economic support • The purpose was to change United States foreign policy to reflect its values • In effect added a lecture and moral judgment to the Roosevelt Corollary. • Built off of the belief in American “Exceptionalism”

Application • Allowed Wilson to force out Mexican dictator Victoriano Huerta in 1914 after he came to power in 1913 on the idea of protecting Democracy and freeing arrested American Soldiers. • Allowed Wilson to aid the regime of Jean Vilbrum Guillaume Sam in Haiti after an Anti-American revolt took place. Instead of money, he sent in the marines. • The U.S. placed troops in Nicaragua and used them to “select” Nicaraguan Presidents...to promote Democracy.

Impacts • "I am going to teach the South American republics to elect good men”-Wilson was the effective voice of “democracy” in Latin America. What does this mean?_____________________ • Increased tension between world leaders. (Mexico problem) • Began Wilson’s reputation as a “preacher,” the same reputation that would get him in trouble later on while drafting the Treaty at Versailles with the Allied Powers.

Moral Diplomacy Pro Con Increasing Americas soft power Advancing American economic interests in other countries Eventually having to use force Taking over governments and forcing our views upon

Closure Which type of diplomacy was best AND why? Self Evaluation Pirate ship rating on learning target Today I learned….