THE COLD WAR COMES TO AN END Modern World History
Destalinization Stalin dies in 1953 Nikita Khrushchev named Premier Denounces the jailing/execution of Soviet citizens Monuments to Stalin torn down Stalingrad renamed Volgograd
Not Tough Enough Hungary & Czechoslovakia attempt Revolutions Khrushchev & Brezhnev put down revolutions violently Tanks & Infantry restore pro- Soviet governments
Detente Détente: foreign policy that sought to ease relations with the Communist world by increasing diplomatic, commercial, and cultural contact with Cold War enemies Nixon to China (Feb. 1972) Nixon: “we want the Chinese with us when we sit down and negotiate with the Russians.” Strategic Arms Limitation Talks SALT (May 1972) Signed by Nixon & Brezhnev Helsinki Accords limit ICBMs Signed in Aug 33 UN nations sign
The Evil Empire Crumbles Mikhail Gorbachev (1985) Young (54) Promoted Glasnost Openness, the free-flow of ideas and information Churches reopened, censorship relaxed, prisoners released, etc Promoted Perestroika Economic restructuring Goal: improve efficiency Goal: productivity Promoted Democratic Reforms Result: election of new legislature
The Evil Empire Crumbles Ethnic Tensions Boil Over Baltic Nations authority March 1990 Gorbi institutes economic sanctions Troops kills 14 & wounds 100s Jan Yeltsin criticizes Gorbi’s use of force
The Evil Empire Crumbles August Coup Fails (1991) Hardliners – fearful of losing control Military detains Gorbi in the Black Sea Tanks roll into Moscow Yeltsin leads popular opposition Military unwilling to fire on citizens Gorbi returns & resigns Communist Parliament votes to end control 15 Soviets declare independence Dec. 1991