CIRCULATORY, RESPIRATORY & LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Made up of blood, the heart, blood vessels Function is to transport materials throughout the body such as nutrients and oxygen The heart is a hollow, muscular organ that contracts at regular intervals; it can be thought of as two pumps sitting side by side The two pumps are separated by a SEPTUM Each pump is divided into two chambers: The upper chambers are called ATRIA (receive blood) The lower chambers are VENTRICLES (pump blood out)

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The right side of the heart pumps blood from the body into the lungs where oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood gives up carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen The left side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich (oxygenated) blood from the lungs to the rest of the body

Structure of Heart Ao = Aorta PA = Pulmonary Artery PV = Pulmonary Vein SVC = Superior Vena Cava IVC = Inferior Vena Cava RA = Right Atrium RV = Right Ventricle LA = Left Atrium LV = Left Ventricle SEPTUM

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM BLOOD VESSELS: 1. Arteries - carry blood away from the heart to all tissues of the body; the largest artery is the AORTA 2. Veins - collect blood and return it back to the heart 3. Capillaries – connect the arteries & veins; only one cell thick making diffusion of oxygen and nutrients easy

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD: 1. Transports nutrients, dissolved gases, enzymes, hormones and waste products 2. Regulates body temperature, pH and electrolytes 3. Protects body from invaders 4. Restricts loss of fluid

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM COMPONENTS OF BLOOD: 1. Plasma: liquid portion of blood that contains water, dissolved fats, salts, sugars and proteins 2. Red blood cells (erythrocytes): transport oxygen 3. White blood cells (leukocytes): protect body against invasion by foreign cells or substances 4. Platelets: responsible for the clotting of blood

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs Function is to bring about the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood, the air and the tissues FLOW OF AIR: Air enters NOSE --> pharynx OR enters MOUTH --> pharynx; after pharynx ---> larynx (top of trachea) --> trachea (windpipe) --> to left or right bronchi ---> bronchioles --> alveoli

1. nose 2. mouth 3. larynx 4. lung 5. right bronchus 6. diaphragm 7. pharynx 8. trachea 9. left bronchus 10. bronchiole 11. alveoli

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM BREATHING: Inhalation: pulling of air into lungs Exhalation: pushing of air out of lungs Diaphragm: Located along the bottom of the rib cage; it is the large flat muscle responsible for inhalation and exhalation

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM The alveoli is where gas exchange occurs When blood enters the lung it has a lot of carbon dioxide and a low oxygen content, but the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen-rich inhaled air Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the alveoli and oxygen diffuses into the blood from the alveoli

Picture of Gas Exchange in the Lungs

Lymphatic System Network of vessels, nodes and organs Collects the fluid that is lost by the blood and returns it back to the circulatory system The fluid is known as lymph Lymph nodes are part of the lymphatic system, which carries lymph fluid, nutrients, and waste material between the body tissues and the bloodstream. Over 3 liters of fluid can be leaked from the circulatory system into surrounding tissues daily The steady flow of lymph prevents edema (swelling)

Lymph Nodes The lymph nodes filter lymph fluid as it flows through them, trapping bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances, which are then destroyed by special white blood cells called lymphocytes. Groups of lymph nodes can be felt in the neck, groin, and underarms. Many lymph nodes in the body cannot be felt. When a part of the body is infected, the nearby lymph nodes become swollen as they collect and destroy the infecting organisms. For example, if a person has a throat infection, the lymph nodes in the neck may swell and become tender.

Lymph Nodes in the Lymphatic System Cervical Nodes Axillary Nodes Inguinal Nodes