Measures and Models of Aviation Display Clutter Pilot Equipment Familiarization and Scenario Overview Measures and Models of Aviation Display Clutter [ Year 2 Experiment ] June, 2008 NASA LaRC | NC State University | APTIMA

Experiment Setup - Aircraft Familiarization -

Simulator with Head-up Display Integration Flight Deck: No motion, ground-based Simulator Replicating forward Flight Deck of Boeing 757 HUD with new display features: Two instrumentation modes – PRIM (primary mode symbology) & IMC symbology Enhanced Vision System (EVS) Synthetic Vision System (SVS) Flight pathway guidance (TUNNEL) IFD Simulator

HUD Symbology

Tunnel “Crow’s feet” define vertical and horizontal extent of desired path 600 ft wide by 350 ft tall: +/- 1 “dot” on path deviation indicators “Linear” Deviation Segments every 0.2 nm Showing path 1 nm ahead

Flight Path Marker As speed increases relative to selected speed, “worm” increases in size Appears below flight path marker when decelerating

Path Deviation Indicators Vertical and lateral deviation path deviation indicators: Deviation scale Center, +/-2 Dots Pathway deviation indicator “Dogbones” Derived from navigation solution / “Synthetic Vision System” ILS deviation indicator Glideslope and localizer deviation No “Bends” No “Lies” “Raw Data” Full-Scale Localizer Deviation

Runway Outline (under 500 feet) Glideslope Reference Line (GSRL) Set at 3.1 degree Used for Flight Path Reference under 500 ft. Note: At 75 ft. above the runway, flare cues will emerge from the bottom of the display.

IMC HUD Configuration

IMC / Tunnel Configuration

IMC / Tunnel / SVS Configuration Wireframe rendering of terrain model (based on GPS database)

PRIM HUD Configuration

PRIM / EVS Configuration Shaded rendering of FLIR (Forward-looking Infra-Red Radar) When flying in clouds with the EVS “on”, FLIR returns on water vapor may create “ghost”-like images on HUD

PRIM / SVS / EVS Configuration

Experiment Setup - Scenario Familiarization -

Flight Scenario Overview KRNO ILS RWY 16R Final: Hand-flown with manual throttles Begins on localizer abeam PYRAM Ends with landing or missed approach decision Night/IMC: Weather near or below minimums Crosswinds with no gusts Go-around or landing performance will not actually be measured

Aircraft Configuration and Operation Autopilot and autothrottles inoperative PFDs and NDs inoperative All NAVAIDs set for approach FMC inoperative FD inoperative Landing and wing lights “off” in clouds. Can activate lights on breakout.

Roles and Responsibilities Captain Hand flying Verbalize all decisions at published minimums and EVS mins. Call for gear, flaps, etc. as desired. First Officer (FO) Handle ATC communication Actuate gear and flaps on command Set airspeed and altitude bugs Complete checklists Provide callouts as briefed (altitude) Will confirm objects in sight (visually) Will answer queries and confirm settings, procedures, etc.

Standard Approach Procedures Initial Approach 210 KIAS Gear and flaps retracted Below 210 KIAS Flaps 15 degrees Landing gear extended Below 162 KIAS Flaps 30 degrees Before landing checklist Approach Speed 138 KIAS for all landings

Approach Procedures (cont.) Standard Rules (without EVS) Runway must be visible with naked eye from published decision height EVS Rules Published decision height: Runway must be visible with EVS Continue to 100 HAT (Height Above Touch-down), if EVS shows approach lights, threshold, or touchdown zone. FAR 91.175c - For straight-in instrument approach procedures…the pilot [must] determine that the enhanced flight visibility observed by use of a certified enhanced flight vision system is not less than the visibility prescribed in the standard instrument approach procedure being used. 100 HAT Runway must be visible with naked eye Land only if threshold or touchdown zone visible