Bring a #2 pencil to class tomorrow Benchmark # 1 Review

John Locke  Representative government  Consent of governed  Natural “unalienable” rights  U.S. declaration of independence Life, liberty, property Ideas followed by Thomas Jefferson  Enlightenment  Truth vs. faith Caused people to question traditional authority oMonarchy & Religion

Constitution and Bill of Rights  The great compromise  Brought equal representation by combining two plans for government that small and large states agreed with  Checks and balances  Flexible, can change  Supreme law of land  Above all other laws  1 st 10 amendments (BofR)  Protect personal freedoms

Supreme court, civil war, reconstruction  Supreme Court under John Marshal  SC could review constitutionality of state and federal laws  Because of CW  Northern economy expanded and became more prosperous than ever  Reconstruction  Led to disenfranchisement of most AA in the south, their rights are taken away through poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clause

 The Jungle  Helped pass meat inspection act  Factories  Dangerous difficult jobs  Factor that limited growth of labor unions  Employers were hostile efforts to organize  Sherman Anti trust to limit labor activities  Majority of early immigrants settled in cities  Jobs Irish immigrants were persecuted because they were catholic

 Mormons and Jews also persecuted because of religion  Indust. Rev.  More people settled in NE & midwest Factories built near waterways North had more factories because they had a short agricultural season  Anti-immigration (nativism)  Competition for jobs  Americanization movement to make them more American

 Political Machines  Corrupt, election fraud, graft, friend of immigrants  Muckrakers  Exposed corruption of U.S. society  Monopolies  Take away competition, bad for consumers  Gov’t stance on economy of late 1800s  Laissez-faire capitalism- no gov’t interference

 Assembly Line  Ford, increased efficiency in production  International trade  Because U.S. had surplus of goods because IR New markets to sell to and get raw materials from  Gov’t placed tariffs on imports to protect U.S. business  Social Darwinism  Overcome and eliminate weaker competition

 Reform movement  Inspired settlement houses Jane Adams’ Hull House  Social Gospel  Reconstruct U.S. society Along with social Darwinism oTried to address social conditions of an industrial society

 Populist Party  Farmers & workers Supported public ownership of RR to help small farmers  Opposed switching to gold standard It would tighten money, and limit access to money for farmers and workers  Goal: For gov’t to be more efficient and responsive to public needs

 Suffrage- Women’s right to vote  Suffragettes- women who wanted the right o vote  Interstate Commerce Commission  During Roosevelt’s term, power to regulate RR rates  Puritan views and attitudes, hard work for common goals

Religious Revivals  Revival meetings were held outside, lasted for days, and included emotional sermons.  1 st Great Awakening- spread through colonies, led to questioning of traditional authority  2 nd Great Awakening- inspire people to try to reform society  Establishment clause of 1 st amendment  Prohibits the gov’t from establishing a state religion

 2 nd GA and Social Gospel were similar  Both were concerned with improving society  Reason 1 st amendment was added to constitution  To protect citizens from gov’t interference in religion  Many different religions exist in U.S. because of immigration and religious freedom…as a result more people are members of non-Christian religions now