CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERIODIC TABLE

FAMILIES OF THE PERIODIC TABLE

Group # NameProperties Valence Electrons UsesGood or Bad? 1 ALKALI METALS VERY REACTIVE! Shiny, solid, good conductors of heat and electricity Reactive with water and oxygen (water=explosion; oxygen=tarnishing), low densities 1 Na-in salt; help blood pressure Li -in batteries Potassium- our growth (bananas) Can be good or bad depending on use 2 ALKALINE EARTH METALS Somewhat reactive (not as much as group 1), shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, 2 Ca-bones Airplanes Medical uses 3-12 TRANSITION METALS Shiny, solid (except Mercury), good conductors of electricity and heat, 1-3 Jewelry, electronics, artificial bones (bone replacement) NONE LANTHANIDE S AND ACTINIDES Many are radioactive, solid, shiny, soft 1-3Nuclear power, lenses, cars, 13BORON GROUP 1 metalloid and rest are metals, solids 3Dinnerware, foil, airplane and automobile parts (Aluminum is the most abundant element in this group and therefore is used the most)

14 CARBON GROUP Solids. (yes, even carbon); there are a mixture of metals, metalloids, and nonmetals 4 Carbon is in all organisms, Ge-computer chips Sn (tin) is used to coat steel cans, and to create bronze objects. Pb (lead) used to be used until it was determined it was poisonous. Can be good or bad depending on use 15 NITROGEN GROUP Solids except for nitrogen, reactivity varies based on the element (Phosphorus is the most reactive) 5 Matches, ammonia, rat poison/pesticides, Nitrogen- in the air, nitrous oxide (laughing gas) 16 OXYGEN GROUP Solid except for oxygen, reactive, flammable 6 -Sulfuric acid (very strong acid), -organisms need oxygen to survive, 17HALOGENS Reactive, poor conductors of electricity and heat, are not found by themselves in nature, usually are found bonded with another atom of themselves, combine with alkali metals to form salts 7 Toothpaste, disinfectant/antiseptics, water sterilization 18 NOBLE GASES Un-reactive, colorless, odorless, gas form, all are nonmetals, 8 Light bulbs, signs, filling balloons, blimps, HHydrogenReactive when combined with oxygen by electricity, colorless, odorless, gas, low density 1Rocket fuel, found in stars, atmosphere, water Group # NamePropertiesValence Electrons UsesGood or Bad?

BREAK DOWN PROPERTIES A LITTLE BIT MORE: METALS, NONMETALS, METALLOIDS These are ways to classify elements based on their properties These are the general properties for each type of classification above

METALS ( TO THE LEFT AND BOTTOM OF TABLE) Have luster (shininess) Are malleable (easy to make into thin, flat pieces) Are GOOD conductors (transferors) of heat and electricity Solid state of matter (except Mercury-he’s liquid) Ductile (easy to pull into wire) Few valence electrons (exact amount depends on family)

NONMETALS (TO THE RIGHT OF THE TABLE) Do not have luster (shininess) Are NOT malleable (easy to make into thin, flat pieces) Are POOR conductors (transferors) of heat and electricity ARE SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, OR GASES at room temperature Are NOT ductile (easy to pull into wire) Many valence electrons (exact amount depends on family)

METALLOIDS (ON THE ZIGZAG LINE) Physical properties depend on who it is Chemical properties depend on who it is Valence electron number depends on family Are mostly semi-conductors of heat and electricity