Home Area Networking for the Smart Grid Erik Cates David Green Daniel Han Justin Michela ECE 4007 Koblasz/Maxwell Fall 2010 In Conjunction With: Unmesh Deolekar David Gallmeier CS 4911 Zegura Fall 2010

GE Smart Grid Project 13th November 2009 Home Area Networking Fundamentals The Smart Meter is “part Ipod, part electricity meter” GUI software + Microcontroller Smart Meter + Wall outlets Provides huge savings for both customer and utility Cost for our household system (PCB + 4 Outlets) = $248 Building block for tomorrow’s Smart Grid!

GE Smart Grid Project 13th November 2009 System Overview

GE Smart Grid Project 13th November 2009 Technical Objectives Smart Meter Manages USB/serial, ZigBee, & Internet communications Summarizes total household power consumption Wall Outlets Measures voltage, current, & power for each device Sends/receives ZigBee communications

GE Smart Grid Project 13th November 2009 Outlet Hardware Diagram

GE Smart Grid Project 13th November 2009 Design Review: Wall Outlet Key Considerations Power Calculation Alternatives Safety (Personal and Electrical) Ease of Installation Space Constraints

GE Smart Grid Project 13th November 2009 Design Review: Communications Multiple Communication Paths ZigBee (wireless) Internet (wireless) Serial/USB (wired) Human Smart Meter GUI Interface (example)

GE Smart Grid Project 13th November 2009 Communication Block Diagram

GE Smart Grid Project 13th November 2009 Design Review: Code PC GUI Provides a high-level summary of power statistics Provides on/off control, histograms, price indexes Written in a language that supports serial communication Microprocessor Logic Sampling rate optimized to reduce power draw Transmission of outlet data coordinated by Smart Meter

GE Smart Grid Project 13th November 2009 Sampling Procedure

GE Smart Grid Project 13th November 2009 Logic Diagram Measure Power Consumption at Outlets Generate Household Energy Budget Is Grid Power Sufficient? User Input Received ? Change On / Off Status of Outlet(s) Y Y N N

GE Smart Grid Project 13th November 2009 Project Tasks and Milestones 10/18/10 - Complete outlet prototype 10/22/10 - Verify Microcontroller logic for power measurements 10/31/10 - Establish ZigBee communication 11/5/10 - Implement additional features in Smart Meter logic 11/25/10 - Finish GUI / build final device enclosure 12/14/10 - Final demonstration

GE Smart Grid Project 13th November 2009 Budget And Cost Analysis Total System Cost PCB + 4 Outlet Units $54 + 4*($48) = $248 Commercialization Retail system cost: Approx $ *($ *($48)) = $801 Analysis Current HAN systems exist in the $200 – 1,000 price range Part NameCost Arduino Board$29.95 Mega32 Chip$4.30 Outlet Box$0.68 Duplex Outlet$0.59 Outlet Cover$0.25 Optoisolators$6.02 AC-DC Converter$8.00 5VDC Voltage Regulators$1.63 Solid State Relay$6.45 Xbee Module$22.95 Current Sensing Resistor$1.72 USB Cord$3.95 Total$86.49

GE Smart Grid Project 13th November 2009 Future Work Develop outlet boxes for 240V main lines Incorporate time-of-day electricity pricing Incorporate solar generation & battery storage Streamline product packaging

GE Smart Grid Project 13th November 2009 Questions? 13th November 2009 GE Smart Grid Project