JAPANESE HISTORY Lesson #8 World History – Unit #2 EAST ASIA

THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN Shinto Amaterasu click

Shinto 1.What is a Kami? 2.What is the purpose of the “tori” (the gate)? Kami are spirits in the forces of nature Separates sacred space from everyday space

THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN * The ONLY dynasty * established way after the Chinese (~500AD) *Emperor was considered a God * The ONLY dynasty * established way after the Chinese (~500AD) *Emperor was considered a God

The first Samurai The emperor’s army was led by knights The knights were called Samurai. Highest ranking Samurai were called Daimyo (nobility) The Daimyo were led by the Shogun. The shogun had all power

___________ supreme military leader _________ powerful, land-owning landlord ____________ professional warriors ____________low, non-ruling class

Shogunate Powerful Daimyo and the Shogun eventually seized all power from the emperor The Emperor was still a god, but… All power was in the hands of the military Society was ruled by the samurai

Tokugawa Shogunate ► Powerful Daimyo family that seized control of Japan and became the new Shoguns By 1400s, Japanese Daimyo Closed all trade & travel with the Western World ________________

Japanese isolation For 400 years, Japan existed with NO contact with outside world. China had grown arrogant. Europe had grown modern and strong. Japan remained antiquated… Ruled by Samurai and Daimyo That would all change in the mid-1800s

JAPAN MODERNIZED in mid-1800s to become a WORLD POWER

Japan Changed Direction During the Meiji Era: Commodore Matthew Perry USA convinced Japan to open up for trade

What Did the U. S. Want??  Fueling stations.  More trading partners.  A haven for ship-wrecked sailors. The Treaty of Kanagawa

Japan Learns a Lesson! I n 1862, just before the start of the Meiji period, Tokugawa sent officials and scholars to China to study the situation there. A Japanese recorded in his diary from Shanghai… The Chinese have become servants to the foreigners. Sovereignty may belong to China but in fact it's no more than a colony of Great Britain and France.

China’s “Unequal Treaties”  After the Opium War of , Japan was convinced that it had to Open Up to the West.

The Emperor was “Restored” to Power MEIJI  “Enlightened Rule” Japan then tried to become “like” the West They dressed like Americans They modernized their military

Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s? Enlightened Half-Enlightened Un-Enlightened

Modernization by “Selective Borrowing”  Popular board game.  Start by leaving Japan & studying in various Western capitals.  End by returning to Japan and becoming a prominent government official.

European Goods  Europe began to “loom large” in the thinking of many Japanese.  New slogan: Japanese Spirit; Western Technology!

The Japanese Became Obsessed with Western Styles Civilization and Enlightenment!

Everything Western Was Fashionable!

Japanese soldiers with their wives.

The Rulers Set the Tone with Western Dress Emperor Meiji Empress Haruko ( )

Changing Women’s Fashions 1900 Styles The First “Miss Japan” (1908)

By the end of the 1800s JAPAN HAD MODERNIZED and had become a WORLD POWER Proof: wars they fought and won

Sino-Japanese War: Japan went to war against Chinese – the regional Asian power -Japan won! -This proved that Japan had surpassed all Asian nations

Soldiers on the Battlefield During the Sino-Japanese War The Treaty of Shimonoseki ended the war.

Still today—Tensions Between China & Japan EEZ-Exclusive Economic Zone.  Offshore gas field in the East China Sea reveals recently strained relations between China & Japan.  Tension over disputed gas field on the rise, exacerbating mutual mistrust dating back to the Sino-Japanese War.

The Russo-Japanese War: Japan went to war against Russia – the regional European power -Japan won! -This proved that Japan had become one of the most powerful nations in the world!

President Teddy Roosevelt Mediates the Peace The Treaty of Portsmouth, NH ended the Russo-Japanese War.

What happened in Japan after mid- 1800s?

By the early 1900s JAPAN STARTED TAKING OVER OTHER NATIONS in the Pacific ring

And, Japanese Power Would Grow...

Japan Annexed Korea

Japan Is a Player in China

Competition from Another “Pacific” Power Is on the Horizon Where will USA and Japan be in conflict?

The U. S. “Great White Fleet”

Japan invaded China 1937 USA demanded Japan stop expanding influence Japan hungry for more control in region USA refused to allow Japan to expand Japan demanded USA back off Japan needed more cheap resources Japan invaded China USA cut off trade

 Japan feared USA would get serious  USA had huge fleet at Pearl Harbor  Japan needed to neutralize USA  Goal: eliminate American fleet, while continuing to expand  Plan: attack and destroy American fleet at Pearl Harbor

Why did Japan want to eliminate the US fleet in 1941?

 They attacked  We responded  Four years later: we dropped two atomic bombs on Japan

Post-war Japan 1.Japan utterly destroyed 2.All cities flattened 3.Millions homeless 4.Japan had to rebuild 5.Best hope: Japanese would survive, but Japan would remain mediocre

Recovery from destruction 1.Japan worked hard to rebuild 2.USA occupied Japan (military control) 3.Japan forced to restructure government 4.Emperor replaced by democratic government 5.Had to surrender all colonies

Economic Recovery 1.Japan retooled factories 2.Built cars, instead of tanks and planes 3.American money poured into Japan 4.Reason: an economically strong Japan won’t need to attack neighbors 5.Recovery was amazing: called THE ECONOMIC MIRACLE

New (Post-war) Japan A DEMOCRATIC nation PACIFIST people Devoted to BUSINESS SUCCESS Recovery started with auto industry Moved on to technical “things” HIGH QUALITY Current PM: Youngest PM ever Shinzo Abe

Modern Japan Toyota Hybrid Bullet Train Modern Cities

Book work: TEN QUESTIONS: p. 401: 2, 3a, 5 p. 408: 2a, 2b, 4a, 5, 6 p. 418: 1, 3

Describe the Japanese… (student responses 2010) Describe the Japanese… (student responses 2010)