Relationships

Nature’s Way of Recycling

Ecology

Trophic Levels

Energy Flow

Miscellaneous

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Both organisms benefit from living together.

Mutualism

An association where one organisms benefits, while the other neither benefits nor is harmed.

Commensalism

A long term relationship in which one organism obtains nutrients from another.

Parasitism

A close relationship between two organisms of different species. Ex. microbes located in the digestive tract.

Symbiosis

The use or defense of a resource by one individual that reduces the availability of that resource to other individuals.

Competition

The process by which inorganic materials move from the atmosphere to soil, into living organisms and back again.

Biogeochemical Cycles

T/F During ammonification, bacteria convert nitrogen gas into ammonium compounds.

False

An increase in the ability of the atmosphere to trap heat.

Greenhouse Effect

The cycle that photosynthesis and respiration are the base for.

Carbon-Oxygen Cycle

Convert nitrogen gas (N 2 ) into ammonium compounds (NH 4 OH).

Nitrogen Fixation

The way of life of a species.

niche

The nonliving parts of the environment.

abiotic factors

An ecological unit that includes all the interacting parts of an environment in an area. Ex. a cave, a pond

ecosystem

All the living organisms that inhabit an environment. Ex. plants, animals, protists

biotic factors

The portion of Earth that sustains life. It extends from high in the atmosphere to the bottom of the oceans.

biosphere

These are autotrophic organisms that manufacture their own food

producers

This means that it must consume food to get energy.

Heterotroph

These heterotrophs can be classified into two main groups.

Primary and Secondary Consumers

This group of organisms break down dead tissue and animal wastes.

Decomposers

What are the 4 classifications of consumers based on what they eat.

Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores, Scavengers

Interrelated food chains in an ecosystem is call?

Food Web

A specific sequence in which organisms get energy in an ecosystem.

Food Chain

Name that pyramid. 1,500,000 producers 1 scavenger 90,000 secondary consumers 200,000 primary consumers

Numbers Pyramid

Name that pyramid. 20,831 kCal producers 21 kCal secondary carnivore 383 kCal primary carnivore 3368 kCal herbivores

Energy Pyramid

Name that pyramid. 470 g/m 2 producers 0.05 g/m 2 scavenager 0.1 g/m 2 carnivore 0.6 g/m 2 herbivore

Biomass Pyramid

What are the 4 steps to the water cycle?

Condensation Precipitation Transpiration Evaporation

A state of severely reduced physiological activity during the winter months.

Hibernation

Competition between organisms of the same species

Intraspecific Competition

What are the 3 steps of the Nitrogen cycle?

Nitrogen Fixation Ammonification Denitrification

A cycle of activity occurring every 24 hours. (ex. Pedals of a flower opening in the morning and closing in the evening.

Circadian Rhythm