UNCLASSIFIED 1 Link 16 Operations in US&P at Risk Mr. Russ Latimer Deputy Division Chief, J65A Joint Staff

UNCLASSIFIED 2 Outline  Issue  Background  Procedures  Responsibilities  Current Situation

UNCLASSIFIED 3  ISSUE: Failure to operate Link 16 (1) in accordance with DoD Guidelines and in compliance with criteria mandated by NTIA and FAA could jeapordize DoD’s continued use of Link 16 within the United States and Possessions (US&P)  Link 16 operates in MHz band  MHz band designated for Aeronautical Radionavigation (1)Link 16 refers to the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS), the Multifunction Information Distribution System (MIDS), and other systems

UNCLASSIFIED 4 Background  1978 – NTIA directs DoD and FAA to work together to assure spectrum access and ensure mutual compatibility between Link 16 and civil/commercial aeronautical radionavigation systems  DoD operates Link 16 as a critical element of Command and Control  FAA interest lies in protecting operations of civil/ commercial aeronautical radionavigation systems Identification Friend or Foe [IFF], Tactical Air Navigation [TACAN] Distance Measuring Equipment [DME]  DoD & FAA enter into a Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) to ensure continued mutual spectrum access and compatible operations

UNCLASSIFIED 5 Procedures  CJCSI D, “Link-16 Spectrum Deconfliction,” implements policy to ensure that Link-16 (JTIDS & MIDS) use is IAW with NTIA and MCEB Guidance  JTIDS/MIDS must not cause harmful interference to navigational aids  Within geographic and operational areas, local pulse densities cannot exceed assignment restrictions No more than 100 percent Time Slot / Duty Factor (TSDF) is permitted within a 100 nautical mile (nm) radius circle drawn around each JTIDS/MIDS terminal JTIDS/MIDS voice operations are allowed on up to two channels (time slot pools), subject to an overall geographic area TSDF calculation

UNCLASSIFIED 6  All JTIDS/MIDS activity must be coordinated through the JTIDS/MIDS Deconfliction Server (JDS)  JDS - an automated Internet-based system to support the coordination process within the US&P  Deconfliction Authority (DA) coordination and JDS entry is required even when complying with an existing permanent frequency assignment  The appropriate organizational Deconfliction Coordinators - or unit/staff planner - will make entries into the JDS prior to any JTIDS/MIDS operation. Procedures (cont’d)

UNCLASSIFIED 7 Responsibilies  Joint Staff/DJ6, is assigned primary responsibility for ensuring compliance with pulse deconfliction restrictions  Joint Staff will:  Serve as final DA when deconfliction cannot be achieved at a lower level  Specify, when necessary, the JTIDS/MIDS DA for joint/combined JTIDS/MIDS operations  Monitor execution of policy to ensure pulse deconfliction restrictions are met by JTIDS/MIDS equipped units

UNCLASSIFIED 8  Combatant Commands, Services, and Defense Agencies (C/S/A) shall:  Ensure subordinate commands using JTIDS/MIDS terminals have adequate guidance and resources to deconflict operations at the lowest level possible  Assign Deconfliction Coordinators as required - coordinator assignments should be made to maximize efficiency in deconflicting training events and to eliminate the possibility of uncoordinated operations occurring Responsibilies (Cont’d)

UNCLASSIFIED 9 Current Situation  Indications are that all Link 16 Operations NOT scheduled through the JDS (in fact many operations not scheduled)  FAA has access to JDS  Unscheduled (i.e., un-deconflicted) operations exceed the TSDF limits and are in violation of OSD/FAA MOA  Continuation of unscheduled Link 16 operations could result in termination of DoD’s ability to operate Link 16  YOUR ROLE: Make your organizational leadership aware of the requirements for Link 16 operations and the ramifications of failure to schedule via the JDS

UNCLASSIFIED 10 Backup

UNCLASSIFIED MHz Band  Band MHz allocated for Aeronautical Radionavigation (with MHz also allocated Radionavigation-satellite)  Radionavigation: Radiodetermination used for the purposes of navigation, including obstruction warning.  Radiodetermination: The determination of the position, velocity and/or other characteristics of an object, or the obtaining of information relating to these parameters, by means of the propagation properties of radio waves.

UNCLASSIFIED 12 TSDF Limitations  The total JTIDS/MIDS community within a geographic area defined in paragraph 2 shall be limited to a 100 percent effective TSDF[1], that is 396,288 pulses per 12 seconds (1536 time slots with 258 pulses per time slot).[1]  The geographic area limitation for the 100 percent TSDF utilization shall be a radius of 185 kilometers (100 nautical miles). Thus if a circle with a 185 kilometer radius is constructed around any JTIDS/MIDS terminal, the effective TSDF resulting from the summed transmitted time slots for all the JTIDS/MIDS terminals within the circle cannot exceed a pulse limit of 396,288 pulses during any 12 second “Time Frame” interval.  Any JTIDS/MIDS terminal shall be limited to a 50 percent effective TSDF (198,144 pulses per 12 second “Time Frame” interval) [1][1] TSDF is defined in the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction (CJCSI) A