 Hilly and wet

 Minoan  2700 – 1350 BCE  Crete  Minos

 Hellenics (2800 – 1060 BCE)  Achaeans  Peloponessus  Aeolians  Troy  Ionians  Aegean islands and coastal areas  Dorians  Attacked many fellow Hellenes

 Mycenaean (1900 – 1100 BCE)  Gain power through seafaring and trade  Develop great architecture and trade routes  Chief competitor is Troy

 Collapse of Mycenaean authority  Led to a “dark age”  Polis  Literally means “city” (Greek)  Could also mean citizenship or body of citizens

 Aristocracy  Ruling class of nobles who have wealth through agriculture  Oligarchy  Ruling class of nobles who are city-dwellers

 Peloponnesian  Laconia  THIS IS SPARTA!!!  Founded Peloponnesian League  Messenia  Pylos, SW Peloponnesus  Grow crops for Spartans  Achaea  Northern Peloponnesus

 Mainland  Attica  Athens  Boeotia  North and west of Attica  Thebans  Thessaly  Northern mainland  Mt. Olympus

 “Home of the Gods”  10,000 ft. high  Highest point in Ancient Greece

 Delphi  Oracle of Apollo

 Olympia  National shrine  Neutral city  Panhellenic Games

 ‘Pan’ + ‘Hellenic’ = “All Greeks”  Founded in late 7 th Century BCE  Four sites  Olympia  Delphi  Nemea  Isthmia  Olympiad  Four-year cycle  Events:  Chariot racing  Wrestling  Boxing  Pankration  Stadion  Hoplitodromos  Pentathalon  Wrestling  Stadion  long jump  Javelin throw  Discus throw

 Location: Olympia  Honored God: Zeus  Prize: kotinos (olive wreath)  Most important of games  Once every four years

 Location: Delphi  Honored God: Apollo  Prize: laurel (bay leaves)  Once every four years

 Location: Nemea  Honored God: Nemea  Prize: wild celery  Once every two years

 Location: Isthmia  Honored God: Poseidon  Prize: pine  Once every two years

 Acropolis  “city on the extremity (height)”  Agora  “gathering place”  Political and commercial space  Center of city:  Athletic  Artistic  Spiritual  Politically

 Gymnasium  Gymnos = naked  Training facility for athletes  Athletes competed nude  Appreciation of male body  Tribute to the gods  Socializing  Intellectual pursuits  Patrons: Heracles, Hermes, and Theseus (Athens)

 Stadion (stadium)  Big enough for twenty competitors  200 m  Balbis  Starting blocks

 Theatron (theater)  “seeing place”  Types of plays  Tragedy  “goat song”  Human suffering  Comedy  Happy ending  Satyr play  Burlesque  Patron: Dionysus

 Houses  Gynaikeion  Andron

 Hoplites  Armored foot soldiers  Phalanx