Plant Kingdom!!
Characteristics Eukaryotic Autotrophic Multicellular Sexual reproduction Cellulose in cell walls
Need to survive… Sunlight – role in photosynthesis Gas exchange – Oxygen/carbon dioxide Water and minerals – symbiotic relationship???
History Thought to evolve from Green algae, presently classified as a Protist May be moved to plant kingdom due to cellulose in cells walls and pigment, similar life cycles and their genome 475mya – move to land Small, non vascular, needed water to reproduce
Life cycle Alternation of generations – has 2 alternating phases Diploid (2n) – Sporophyte – spore producing plant Haploid (n) – gametophyte – gamete producing plant
4 types of plants Non-vascular Vascular seedless Gymnosperms (naked seed) Angiosperms (flowering plants)
Non –vascular - Bryophytes No true roots, stems or leaves Water (green algae) and land (mosses) Bryophytes have a protected embryo lack vascular system – why they are small Gametophyte is dominant generation Archegonia – eggs Antheridia - sperm
Vascular seedless 2 types of vascular tissue Xylem – transports water and minerals Phloem – transports food Sporophyte dominant Examples - ferns
Gymnosperms – seed plants Seed – plant embryo and a food supply Pollen grain – where male gametophyte is contained Carried by wind, animals Seed coat – surrounds and protects the embryo, keeps from drying out.
Angiosperms – flowering plants Advantage – helps to attract animals and insects to increase reproduction. Fruits – structure containing 1 or more matured ovaries Eating of fruits by animals help to disperse seeds for growth
Classification of angiosperms Monocots Single cotyledon Parallel veins Flower parts in multiples of 3 Dicots Two cotyledon Branched veins Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
Plants and Humans Benefits: Agriculture, food Clothing, fibers Wood, construction Keep the environment clean and green!! Harmful: toxins, poisons, allergies