Chapter 21 Three Chinese Philosophies History Alive Chapter 21 Three Chinese Philosophies

Key Terms Mandate of Heaven A power or law believed to be granted by a god Feudalism A system of government based on landowners and tenants Zhou dynasty Lasted from 1045 to 256 B.C.E. In later years different leaders fought for control of China. The country was thrown into disorder. Three philosophies emerged about the best way t have peace and order in society. Yin and yang Opposite forced in nature such as life and death. True harmony came from balancing these forces.

The Chinese Feudal System King Lords Peasants What group belongs in the box at the bottom of this diagram?

claimed to have a mandate from heaven. The Zhou dynasty came after the The Zhou dynasty kept order in China far several hundred years because it As the Zhou dynasty broke down several small states gained power in what was called The Warring States Period All this disorder lead to the development of Three school of thought: Daoism, Confucianism, Legalism Shang Dynasty. claimed to have a mandate from heaven.

In Confucianism people must obey those above them and in return they Daoism’s book, Dao De Jing, was supposedly written by Lao Tzi but scholars think In Confucianism people must obey those above them and in return they What are basic facts on legalism? Was likely written over time by many writers (p. 210) Must treat those below well and set a good example People are naturally selfish. Because of this strict laws are needed and punishments for breaking laws must be harsh. Civil servants should be monitored closely and punished if they do a bad job.

Confucianism Philosophy Goal How Achieved Influence Confucianism Founder: Confucius Civil servants were hired on the bases of ability and had to pass tests. Values such as respect for elders, proper behavior and love of scholarship became part of Chinese culture. All people must respect and obey those above them. Those with authority should set a good example. A just and peaceful society

Daoism Philosophy Goal How Achieved Influence Daoism Founder: Laozi Happiness and peace were gained by living in harmony with nature. Rulers were encouraged to rule less harshly. Influenced Chinese thought, writing and art. Daoism developed into a popular religion. Simple and natural living.

Legalism Philosophy Goal How Achieved Influence Legalism Founder: Hanfeizi The Qin dynasty used legalist ideas to build a strong central government and well-organized society. Rulers should establish strict laws with rewards for good behavior and harsh punishment for bad behavior. Peace and order in society