The Rise of the Middle Ages

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Presentation transcript:

The Rise of the Middle Ages The Church

Organization of the Church Pope: Leader of the medieval church Cardinals: Advisers to the pope Archbishop: Had all the powers of a bishop & some authority over bishops & other dioceses in the province Bishop: Managed a diocese; administered the sacraments of confirmation & ordination; appointed & removed parish priests; managed church property Parish Priests: Conducted church services, administered all the sacraments except confirmation & ordination, supervised moral & religious instruction & moral life of the community

Roles of the Church Scholarship Politics Economy Society Clergy members were the most educated people in Europe Monks copied books by hand Monarchs had to obey popes Canon law enforced by excommunication & interdict Imposed taxes Supported labor as means of income Monks grew crops Monasteries traded extensively Considered family to be sacred Established hospitals, orphanages & poorhouses

Magna Carta “Scrutage [a tax paid instead of military service] or aid [grant to a king] shall be levied in our kingdom only by the common counsel of our kingdom…” “No freedom shall be captured or imprisoned… except by lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.” “To no one will we sell, to no one will we deny or delay right of justice.”

Goals of Medieval Kings William the Conqueror Capetians Weaken the feudal lords Add to the royal lands Unify the people under one rule & one culture Develop a strong central government Bring justice under the control of the king Increase revenue

The Crusades 1st Crusade 2nd Crusade 3rd Crusade 4th Crusade Children’s Crusade Date 1096-1099 Participating European Countries France & Normandy Successes Captured Antioch & Jerusalem; Set up new states in the Holy Land Failures/ Problems Food & water shortages