BridgesBridges Advanced Computer Networks D12. Bridges Outline  Repeaters  Bridges –Backward learning  Bridge Loops –Spanning trees (transparent bridges)

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Presentation transcript:

BridgesBridges Advanced Computer Networks D12

Bridges Outline  Repeaters  Bridges –Backward learning  Bridge Loops –Spanning trees (transparent bridges) –Source-routing bridges (e.g., token rings) Advanced Computer Networks Bridges 2

Repeater S1S2 S3 LAN1LAN2 S4 A repeater operates at the physical layer and forwards everything between the two LANs. LAN1 and LAN2 are in the same collision domain. Repeaters Repeaters Advanced Computer Networks Bridges 3

Bridges Bridges Bridge Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Advanced Computer Networks Bridges 4

Bridges Bridges  Operate at the data link layer.  Bridges use backward learning in recording source address on transmissions.  Unlike repeaters, bridges will not forward a frame onto another LAN segment if it knows about the location of the destination node.  Bridge management gets more complicated when loops are possible in the frame route. Advanced Computer Networks Bridges 5

Bridge Network Physical Network LLC Physical LLC MAC A bridge is a store and forward device that separates collision domains. Bridge Bridge Advanced Computer Networks Bridges 6

B1 S1S2 B2 S3S4 S5 Address Port port 1port 2port 1port 2 LAN1LAN2LAN3 Bridges Bridges Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Advanced Computer Networks Bridges 7

B1 S1S2 B2 S3S4 S5 Address Port port 1port 2port 1port 2 LAN1LAN2LAN3 S1 S5 S11 1 Bridges Bridges Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Advanced Computer Networks Bridges 8

B1 S1S2 B2 S3S4 S5 Address Port port 1port 2port 1port 2 LAN1LAN2LAN3 S11 1 S32 1 Bridges Bridges Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks S3 S2 Advanced Computer Networks Bridges 9

B1 S1S2 B2 S3S4 S5 Address Port port 1port 2port 1port 2 LAN1LAN2LAN3 S11 1 S32 1 S42 2 Bridge 1 does not forward the frame to LAN1 Bridges Bridges Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks S4 S3 Advanced Computer Networks Bridges 10

Bridge1 S1S2 Bridge 2 S3S4 S5 Address Port port 1port 2port 1port 2 LAN1LAN2LAN3 S11 1 S32 1 S42 2 S21 Bridge 1 does not forward the frame to LAN2 Bridges Bridges Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks S2 S1 Advanced Computer Networks Bridges 11

(1) (2) (3) MAN with Bridge Loops MAN with Bridge Loops Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Advanced Computer Networks Bridges 12

One solution to bridge loops Build a Spanning Tree! MAN with Bridge Loops MAN with Bridge Loops Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Advanced Computer Networks Bridges 13

Bridges Summary  Repeaters  Bridges –Backward learning  Bridge Loops –Spanning trees (transparent bridges) –Source-routing bridges (e.g., token rings) Advanced Computer Networks Bridges 14