13.3 The Protestant Reformation Objective 1:Summarize the factors that encouraged the Protestant Reformation. Objective 2: Analyze Martin Luther’s role in shaping the Protestant Reformation. Objective 3: Explain the teachings of John Calvin.

Causes Social and political unrestSocial and political unrest –New faith seen as a way of remaining Independent of outside political control (HRE) –Commoners, Lords and Kings were all tired of Church authority over them –Clerical incompetence/corruption –Humanist authors/writers

Catalysts Wycliffe and Huss had begun the movement by laying out the themesWycliffe and Huss had begun the movement by laying out the themes –Religious simplicity, poverty of clergy, a more egalitarian Church, vernacular bible Church Problems: (Indulgences, clerical ignorance and immorality, too much spending)Church Problems: (Indulgences, clerical ignorance and immorality, too much spending) The Printing Press helped spread the ideas (and vernacular Bibles)The Printing Press helped spread the ideas (and vernacular Bibles)

Martin Luther ( ) Was enrolled in law school until he joined priesthoodWas enrolled in law school until he joined priesthood Taught theology at University of WittenbergTaught theology at University of Wittenberg

The Indulgence Problem In 1517 Johann Tetzel was selling a special “Jubilee indulgence” which prompts Luther to post his 95 theses on October 31 st 1517In 1517 Johann Tetzel was selling a special “Jubilee indulgence” which prompts Luther to post his 95 theses on October 31 st 1517 "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, a soul from purgatory springs.""As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, a soul from purgatory springs." ReactionsReactions –Luther condemned as a Heretic and excommunicated by Pope –Declared outlaw at Diet of Worms and hidden by Nobles in the North where he translated New Testament

Luther’s main beliefs 1). Salvation by faith alone (not faith and good works and ceremonies)1). Salvation by faith alone (not faith and good works and ceremonies) –Idea requires the Bible to be in the Vernacular 2). He only believed in only 2 sacraments: Baptism and Eucharist, bans others.2). He only believed in only 2 sacraments: Baptism and Eucharist, bans others. –attacked Papal infallibility and stressed the diminishing importance of the clergy

German Problems Princes decide whom they support, Pope or Lutheranism.Princes decide whom they support, Pope or Lutheranism. Charles V vs. Protestant Princes leads to 30 years of war.Charles V vs. Protestant Princes leads to 30 years of war. Peace of AugsburgPeace of Augsburg –Choose own religion

John Calvin ( ) Author of The Institutes of the Christian ReligionAuthor of The Institutes of the Christian Religion –Began his work in France where Protestants were called Huegonots –He moved to Geneva in July of 1536 to become part of their governing body -Theocracy

Calvinism in Practice Predestination (However: the elect should live in a manifestly pleasing way)Predestination (However: the elect should live in a manifestly pleasing way) Calvin ran Geneva Switzerland as a theocracy (refuge for protestants)Calvin ran Geneva Switzerland as a theocracy (refuge for protestants) –Bible # 1 authority (life governed by faith) –No dance, drink etc….

Conclusion 1). What are the 2 MAIN differences between Protestant and Catholic ideologies?1). What are the 2 MAIN differences between Protestant and Catholic ideologies? 2). Which Protestant characteristics resemble Renaissance ideas and why?2). Which Protestant characteristics resemble Renaissance ideas and why? 3). Which 1 or 2 religious tenants were MOST important to Protestants and why?3). Which 1 or 2 religious tenants were MOST important to Protestants and why?

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13.4 Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Response

1.Who began the reformation in England? 2.First archbishop of the Church of England 3.This humanist author was canonized after not affirming the act of supremacy. 4.The settlement by __________was viewed as a compromise between Catholics and moderate Protestants. a.Elizabeth I b.Mary I c.Henry VIII d.Edward VI e.More f. Erasmus g. Cranmer 5. Started by Ignatius, the _______ were a key component of the counter reformation.

The English Reformation Irony? (1522 Henry was dubbed “Defender of the Faith by Pope Leo X)Irony? (1522 Henry was dubbed “Defender of the Faith by Pope Leo X) Henry VIII ( )Henry VIII ( ) –Catherine of Aragon (Spanish Princess) Problems?Problems? Henry wants Anne BoleynHenry wants Anne Boleyn The annulment controversy They had been married 18 years, no male heir, just “Bloody Mary”)The annulment controversy They had been married 18 years, no male heir, just “Bloody Mary”) Henry breaks with RC Church and creates the Church of England with Thomas Cranmer as archbishop.Henry breaks with RC Church and creates the Church of England with Thomas Cranmer as archbishop. –Act of Supremacy "the only Supreme Head in Earth of the Church of England”

Henry VIII Seized Church property, 20% of all land!Seized Church property, 20% of all land! Anne Boleyn beheaded, married 4 more times.Anne Boleyn beheaded, married 4 more times.Anne Boleyn beheaded, married 4 more times.Anne Boleyn beheaded, married 4 more times. Edward VI - reformsEdward VI - reforms Death created turmoil w/ religionDeath created turmoil w/ religion –Thomas More canonized –Bloody Mary Elizabethan Settlement and Anglican ChurchElizabethan Settlement and Anglican Church

The Counter Reformation The Council of Trent ( )The Council of Trent ( ) –NO DOCTRINAL CHANGES Pope infallible, faith and good works = salvation, only Church can interpret Bible, True Indulgences OKPope infallible, faith and good works = salvation, only Church can interpret Bible, True Indulgences OK –Changes The Jesuits, Reform of the papacy (Paul III), strengthened Inquisition, cut into Simony, Seminaries/Schools to train clergy. Looked to end corruption.The Jesuits, Reform of the papacy (Paul III), strengthened Inquisition, cut into Simony, Seminaries/Schools to train clergy. Looked to end corruption.

Outcome of Reformation Set up modern nation- statesSet up modern nation- states Loss of cohesive power of Church, division of Europe politically, militarily, religiously.Loss of cohesive power of Church, division of Europe politically, militarily, religiously. Persecution of Jews increases (ghettos).Persecution of Jews increases (ghettos).

Outcomes 1). Was the Reformation a positive or negative movement and why?1). Was the Reformation a positive or negative movement and why? 2). After reading, notes, etc. what do you think will be the defining characteristics of the next era in European history? Why?2). After reading, notes, etc. what do you think will be the defining characteristics of the next era in European history? Why?

Christian Conflict Augsburg ended X’ian unity, and Protestant unity also.Augsburg ended X’ian unity, and Protestant unity also. –Zwinglian reforms (simplicity) in Zurich led to war between sects/armies. –What does this say about the state of Christianity? –What effects will this have?

Henry’s Church How Protestant was he?How Protestant was he? –Kept the RC ban on clerical marriage –Also denied Eucharistic cup to the laity –Kept Confession as a sacrament