Imagine you are a European citizen whose country has been demolished by WWI. Imagine you are a European citizen whose country has been demolished by WWI. The Great Depression knows no boundaries and like 25 %of your population, you are unemployed. The Great Depression knows no boundaries and like 25 %of your population, you are unemployed. A state election has been called, who would you vote for? A state election has been called, who would you vote for?

Contestant #1 I am a womanizer, have self-interested policies and unfortunately suffer from ailing health. Contestant #2 I have a drinking habit and a defiant tongue or attitude Contestant #3 I am a decorated war hero, do not drink and want to create a stable economy

Contestant #3 Contestant #2 Contestant #1

Now- think about: What is more important, individual rights or rights of the nation as a whole? What is more important, individual rights or rights of the nation as a whole? In times of crisis, how much control should be given to the police and military in a country? In times of crisis, how much control should be given to the police and military in a country? Who should control the media (government or corporations)? Who should control the media (government or corporations)? Can a government that has only one leader be effective? Can a government that has only one leader be effective?

What is it? What is it? When would it be useful? When would it be useful?

Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state (political, military, economy, social, cultural) Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state (political, military, economy, social, cultural) Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms) Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms) Strict controls and laws Strict controls and laws Military state (secret police, army, military) Military state (secret police, army, military) Censorship (opposing literature and ideas) Censorship (opposing literature and ideas) Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters) Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters) One leader (dictator); charismatic One leader (dictator); charismatic Total conformity of people to ideas and leader Total conformity of people to ideas and leader Terror and Fear Terror and Fear

Treaty of Versailles Black Tuesday stock market crashes Great Depression during 1930s Increasing influence of new political parties that emphasize state control - For example: Communism, Nazism, Fascism Total Control of State by a Dictator

Nazism FascismCommunism *These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behaviour Totalitarianism

I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from What is Communism? LEFT WING Revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society” state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership)

I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to What is Fascism? RIGHT WING intense nationalism and elitism totalitarian control interests of the state more important than individual rights maintain class system and private ownership

I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to What is Nazism? extremely fascist/nationalistic based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race” belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe Violent hatred towards Jews

Dictators Expand Territory Beginning in early 1930s, Germany, Italy and Japan all began campaigns to acquire territory Other nations, burned out by WWI, reluctant to stop them

Japan Invades China 1931 – Japan attacks Manchuria in northern China 1931 – Japan attacks Manchuria in northern China Japan wanted more natural resources for its growing population (Manchuria is rich in natural resources) Japan wanted more natural resources for its growing population (Manchuria is rich in natural resources) 1937 Rape of Nanking: Thousands murdered 1937 Rape of Nanking: Thousands murdered No response internationally No response internationally

Italy invades Ethiopia 1935 – Italy invaded Ethiopia in Africa 1935 – Italy invaded Ethiopia in Africa Mussolini wanted new areas to expand his empire in Africa Mussolini wanted new areas to expand his empire in Africa League of Nations does nothing League of Nations does nothing

Ukrainian Famine 1933: Stalin creates a famine in Ukraine 1933: Stalin creates a famine in Ukraine Ukraine's rich farming was exploited by Stalin (Soviets) Ukraine's rich farming was exploited by Stalin (Soviets) Soldiers seized crops and people's food Soldiers seized crops and people's food 7 million Ukrainians died 7 million Ukrainians died No response internationally No response internationally