Endocrine System Diseases and Disorders

Gigantism  hyper GH before 25  extreme skeletal size

Acromegaly  hyper GH during adulthood  gradual enlargement or elongation of facial bones and extremities

Pituitary Dwarfism Hypo GH before 25 aka proportional dwarfism Usually normal mental & sexual functions

Cushing syndrome  hyper glucocorticoids like cortisol  fat deposits on upper back; striated pad of fat on chest and abdomen; “moon” face  may be caused by tumor of Ant. Pit (increased ACTH)  different form may be caused by hyper aldosterone (low K)

Hyperthyroidism  hyper thyroid hormone  nervous, tremor, weight loss, excessive hunger; fatigue; irritability

Graves disease  hyper thyroid hormone  inherited or possibly autoimmune  weight loss, nervousness, increased heart rate, esophthalmos goiter

Hypothyroidism  hypo thyroid hormone  sluggish, weight gain; slowing of body function

Cretinism  hypo thyroid hormone during early development  aka deformed dwarfism  retarded mental development; facial puffiness; lack of muscle coordination

Goiter  lack of iodine in diet  enlargement of thyroid

Winter depression  hyper melatonin  Usually in winter when days are shorter (sunlight inhibits melatonin)  Aka Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)  sadness resulting from exaggerated melatonin effects  expose to high-intensity light

Diabetes insipidus  hypo or insensitivity to ADH  decrease in kidney’s retention of water  excessive urination  excessive thirst

Diabetes Mellitus “pass through honey” Insulin allows glucose to transfer into cell Hypo insulin OR target cell insensitivity to insulin Hyperglycemia  glycosuria  polyuria  polydipsia Hyperglycemia  no glucose for energy  polyphagia & use of protein & fat  ketoacidosis

Type I diabetes  hypo insulin due to destruction of B cells in pancreas  Inherited  sudden childhood onset  polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss, fatigue  Daily insulin injections  Aka insulin dependent daibetes mellitus (IDDM)

Type II diabetes  insensitivity to insulin or decreased production  slow adulthood onset;  genetic and environmental factors  polydispia, polyuria, overeating, fatigue  Non-insulin dependent (NIDDM)  Lifestyle change or oral hypoglycemic agents