Causes of WW I

Rivals for Colonies  Imperialism = The desire of countries to build world-wide empires. Created intense rivalry among European powers  Colonies - source of wealth, power and glory  Industrialization - occurred around the world. European powers were scrambling to get parts of Africa  Britain - largest empire, including Canada. France & Russia had colonies.Germany wanted an empire, there were few valuable territories left.

Military Rivals  Arms Race = Building of armies and navies by countries who wish to have the most power.  Great Britain & Germany rivalry.  ‘Britannia Rules the waves’  Dreadnaught Affair

Dangerous Alliances  Allies – European countries aligned with each other for:  Trade  Friendship  Defense Pre World War I Alliances:  Russia and Serbia  Germany and Austria-Hungary  France and Russia  Britain and France and Belgium  Japan and Britain

European Powers

Murder at Sarajevo Sunday morning, June 28 th, Sarajevo is a little town in Austria- Hungary Archduke Franz Ferdinand is future emperor of all Austria- Hungary. com/watch?v=hE85 52joxfE

Murder at Sarajevo:

Murder at Sarajevo : Minutes Later  A 19 year-old, Gavrilo Princip.  Princip and 5 others.  Serbian terrorist group known as the ‘Black Hand’.  Bosnian Serbs - Yugoslav Nationalist

Murder at Sarajevo:

Murder at Sarajevo: Predicting  1. How do you think Austria-Hungary will react to the murder of the archduke who was to become their emperor?  2. What action do you think Austria- Hungary will take against Serbia and the Black hand?  3. How might these actions affect the countries around Austria-Hungary and Serbia?  4. How might people in Canada react?

Dangerous Alliances  Triple Entente (Allies) Britain, France, and Russia.  Triple Alliance (Central Powers) Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy.

Nationalism & Terrorism  Nationalism, - loyalty to one’s homeland, was causing problems between nations.  In Serbia, extreme nationalists formed a terrorist organization - The Black Hand.  Serbian Independence Movement = Many Serbs lived in Bosnia, a province under Austrian control. Black Hand Nationalists wanted to free all Serbs in Bosnia so they could live united in their own country of Serbia  June 28 th, 1914, Sarajevo = Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand.

 Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for the deaths of the archduke and his wife.  Austria sent Serbia an ultimatum. If Serbia did not crush the Black Hand, Austria threatened to declare war. Serbia was refusing to accept the ultimatum.

July 28 th, 1914  Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.  Serbia asked Russia for help. Russia prepared to help Serbia.  France prepared to help Russia.  Germany felt threatened when its two neighbours, Russia and France, began moving their armies.

August 1 st, 1914  Germany declared war on Russia.

August 2 nd, 1914  Germany declared war on France.  Germany attacked France by going through Belgium, a neutral country friendly with Britain.

August 4 th, 1914  Britain declared war on Germany because it had attacked Belgium. Canada, as part of the British empire, was automatically at war.

Statistics World War One included:  3 Continents  31 Countries  65 Million Soldiers  37 Million Casualties  91,198 Deaths by Gas  6,395 Allied and Neutral Ships Lost  $186.3 Billion Financial Losses

Europe

Countries Involved Allied Countries Central Countries  Serbia  Russia  France  Belgium  Great Britain  British Empire  Liberia  Japan  Montenegro  Italy  San Marino  Portugal  Romania  Austria-Hungary  Germany  Ottoman Empire (Turkey)  Bulgaria  Greece  China  U.S.  Cuba  Nicaragua  Brazil  Siam  Costa Rica  Guatemala  Haiti  Honduras Countries that only cut off trade Bolivia Ecuador Peru Uruguay

Canadian Battles

Europe after WWI

Europe before/after WWI