WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 2 Topic 4 Click to continue Hodder Education Revision Lessons Flooding

WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 2 Topic 4 Water surplus is where there is more water than there is demand. Reasons for this include: High rainfall Plentiful water storage, e.g. reservoirs and aquifers Low population, so low demand Lack of industry, so low demand Click to continue Flooding

WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 2 Topic 4 If human activity has changed the natural environment, this can lead to an increased risk of flooding. Some areas are naturally prone to flooding. Task: Draw a spider diagram to show features that would increase the risk of flooding. Click to continue Flooding and human activity

WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 2 Topic 4 Increase d risk of flooding Click to continue Complete the spider diagram to show features that would increase the risk of flooding. Increased risk of flooding

WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 2 Topic 4 Increase d risk of flooding Impermeable rocks Urbanised areas Flat land Low-lying land Areas where snow or ice may melt quickly Click to continue Increased risk of flooding

WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 2 Topic 4 Effects in richer countries Damage to homes, businesses, crops and transport routes. Small numbers of people lose their lives. People have to live in temporary housing for long periods of time. Businesses are closed for repairs. Sewage can cause health risks as it overflows into gardens and houses. Insurance companies have to pay out large amounts and people’s home insurance premiums go up. Effects in poorer countries Damage to homes, businesses, crops and transport routes. Large numbers of people and animals lose their lives. People are left without a home. Farmers’ fields are made more fertile as silt is deposited when the river floods. The floods top up drinking water supplies, e.g. wells. Crops are destroyed and fields are saturated, so nothing can grow and this can lead to serious food shortages. Sewage floods water supplies and contaminates drinking water. Click to continue Effects of flooding

WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 2 Topic 4 Effects in richer countries Damage to homes, businesses, crops and transport routes. Small numbers of people lose their lives. People have to live in temporary housing for long periods of time. Businesses are closed for repairs. Sewage can cause health risks as it overflows into gardens and houses. Insurance companies have to pay out large amounts and people’s home insurance premiums go up. These are the effects. How would they affect the quality of life of people? Click to continue Question: Explain how flooding might affect the quality of life for people living in richer countries. (3 marks) How does flooding affect quality of life?

WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 2 Topic 4 Damage to homes (it is rare for flooding to totally destroy homes in MEDCs) Businesses are closed for repairs Transport routes are damaged Click to continue How does flooding affect quality of life? So people have to live in temporary accommodation, which is stressful. It also means that their insurance premiums will increase So the business owner would not make an income while the business is closed, which would be stressful for them. They might close down and so jobs are lost So people cannot get to work and if they are self-employed they will lose income, which is stressful. Emergency services cannot get to people and this can lead to ill health and deaths

WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 2 Topic 4 ‘Hard’ methods Dams Concrete levées Straightening meanders Spillways ‘Soft’ methods Afforestation/ reforestation Sandbagging Flood-warning systems Removal of vegetation close to the river Floodplain zoning — don’t build on floodplains Click to continue Solutions to flooding in richer countries

WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 2 Topic 4 Level 1 (1 mark)Simple description Level 2 (2 or 3 marks)Description and explanation Level 3 (4 or 5 marks) Detailed/elaborated description and explanation. Question: Explain how richer countries can manage the effects of flooding. (5 marks) Exam tip: This is a levelled question so you are awarded marks on the quality of your explanation. Click to continue Managing flooding

WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 2 Topic 4 Question: Explain how richer countries can manage the effects of flooding. (5 marks) Dams control the amount of water that is flowing in the river, so this can reduce flooding in times of excess rainfall. Levées can be built to increase the channel capacity, so that the river can hold more water if there is high discharge. Why did this answer get 5 marks? Click to continue Managing flooding

WJEC (B) GCSE Geography Theme 2 Topic 4 Question: Explain how richer countries can manage the effects of flooding. (5 marks) Managing flooding Level 1 (1 mark)Simple description Level 2 (2 or 3 marks)Description and explanation Level 3 (4 or 5 marks) Detailed/elaborated description and explanation. Dams [Level 1] control the amount of water that is flowing in the river [Level 2], so this can reduce flooding in times of excess rainfall [Level 3]. Levées [Level 1] can be built to increase the channel capacity, so that the river can hold more water [Level 2] if there is high discharge [Level 3]. Click to continue