Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 17 Using Persuasive Strategies This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

 Aristotle said that any persuasive speech has two parts:  First, you state your case  Second, you prove your case We use “logic” to state our case and “evidence” to prove it Using Logic and Evidence to Persuade Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 Argument by Example  Argument by Analogy  Argument by Deduction  Argument by Cause  Emotional Appeals Types of Arguments Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Argument by Example Inductive reasoning begins with specific examples and ends with general conclusions. The goal is to reach a general conclusion or discover something new. For this type of reasoning, the specific examples MUST be representative. Inductive reasoning can be used with Propositions of Fact, Value and Policy.

Argument by Analogy Reasoning by analogy is a type of inductive reasoning. However, in this type of reasoning, the examples are compared instead of accumulated. True similarity/dissimilarity between specific and representative examples is key. Reasoning by analogy can be used for Propositions of fact, value or policy.

Argument by Deduction Deductive reasoning begins with a general statement and ends with a general conclusion. The goal is to come up with a general conclusion by applying what is known. This type of reasoning proceeds from a syllogism (major premise/general conclusion MUST be true). Deductive reasoning can be used to argue Propositions of Fact, Value and Policy.

Emotional response theory suggests that emotional responses can be classified along three dimensions: pleasure, arousal, and dominance. On each dimension, you might have feelings that range anywhere along a continuum from low to high. The goal when using emotional appeals is to create cognitive dissonance. NEVER use emotional appeals when arguing Propositions of Fact. Reasoning by Emotional Appeals Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Causal Fallacy Bandwagon Fallacy Either/Or Fallacy Hasty Generalization Ad Hominem Red Herring Appeal to Misplaced Authority Non Sequitur Reasoning Fallacies Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Reasoning Fallacies From “A Magical Journey Through the Land of Logical Fallacies” in Skeptoid 2

What type of reasoning is this?

Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. PowerPoint™ Presentation Prepared by Diana M. Cooley, Ph.D. Lone Star College – North Harris Houston, Texas