Federal department of environment, transport, energy and communications ETEC Federal Office for the Environment FOEN Remediation of the Hazardous Waste.

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Federal department of environment, transport, energy and communications ETEC Federal Office for the Environment FOEN Remediation of the Hazardous Waste Landfill in Kölliken, Switzerland Dr. Bernhard Hammer NATO/CCMS Pilot Study Meeting Athens, 5 -7 June 2006 Division

2 Remediation Kölliken landfill, Switzerland Dr. B. Hammer Agenda Bernhard Hammer: Introduction Principles of sustainable remediation The Kölliken landfill site – general informations Jean-Louis Tardent: Remediation - Technical aspects Introduction to the film Film

3 Remediation Kölliken landfill, Switzerland Dr. B. Hammer What is Switzerland? like that?

4 Remediation Kölliken landfill, Switzerland Dr. B. Hammer What is Switzerland? Chromium VI-Emissions! Brownfields! it’s also like that! hundred thousands of tons of chemical waste!

5 Remediation Kölliken landfill, Switzerland Dr. B. Hammer Contaminated land in Switzerland no significant mining activities hardly any heavy industries few extended industrial areas no war-related contamination long tradition of waste incineration high population densities little construction land available, expensive land intensively farmed soil, high quality requirements intensively used groundwater (80% of drinking water) most contaminated sites lie on groundwater deposits few large sites - many small sites but...

6 Remediation Kölliken landfill, Switzerland Dr. B. Hammer Kölliken landfill - General Situation Landfill drinking water well 1978 – 1985: 250’000 m 3 of hazardous wastes area: 40‘000m 2

7 Remediation Kölliken landfill, Switzerland Dr. B. Hammer Persistant polluted site / PEPSI Kölliken Landfill site = PEPSI site High percentage of persistant pollutants Persistant pollutants well dispersed, not extractable (in-situ measures not applicable) Degradation & lixiviation of pollutants >>> 50 years Substantial danger exists over long periods (up to x00 years)

8 Remediation Kölliken landfill, Switzerland Dr. B. Hammer Remediation strategy For the Kölliken site decontamination is indicated Decontamination is the only solution for a long-term successfully and economically remediation In 2003 the authorities decreed the complete excavation of the landfill by Decontamination costs: 350 Mio. $ (excavation and off-site treatment) Containment methods would have very high consumer costs for the long-term operation over hundreds of years: - Containment costs to date: 100 Mio. $ - Annual treatment/monitoring costs: 4 Mio. $