Objectives: Explain the purpose of European exploration of North America. Analyze the importance of the Columbian Exchange.

August. 13, 2015- Warm Up Who got what in the Columbian Exchange? What would your life be like if it never happened? Think: no pigs, cows, horses, sugar https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aF_unlvjccA

Create a Visual of the Columbian Exchange Using the handout from last class, create a venn diagram showing what was exchanged between the Europeans and the Native Americans. In the center explain how both groups were affected (benefits, pitfalls) Underneath diagram-Write 2 sentences explaining how your life would be different had the Columbian Exchange never happened. Create on large printer paper with markers

Spanish and French Perspectives Primary source documents from Columbus and de Las Casas. Focused Free Write-Write a letter from the perspective of either a French or Spanish sailor explaining why you are embarking on a voyage to explore the New World, and what the environment is like when you get there. What sort of things do you see? How are the natives treated? Pull from the primary sources to help you. Textbook Pg. 49-51

August 18, 2015-Warm Up Look at the map on Pg. R26 (in back of textbook) Explain how you would get from Europe to Asia using a water-only route.

Northwest Passage A water route through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific; open up trading route for exotic spices and silks. English sent explorers to find it. John Cabot-Italian Sailor, paid for his own expedition, granted a Royal Charter for lands he found. Voyages in 1497 and 1498 Cabot’s voyages became basis for English claim to land in North America France sent: Giovanni da Verrazano-Sailed along coast from North Carolina to Maine Jacques Cartier-Made two trips to modern-day Canada. Claimed areas he found for France Dutch sent: Henry Hudson-In 1609 sailed to present-day New York; Hudson Bay named for him None of them ever found a Northwest Passage, but their search caused increased interest in North America.

Reasons for Exploration European nations were competing for land and power. Wanted to expand their empires. England-mostly interested in land and power Spain-seeking gold and wanted to spread Catholicism; setup missions France-Religious freedom; setup trade routes (fur) Disagreements about religion: Protestant Reformation: religious movement that protested against some practices of the Catholic Church; Lead by Martin Luther Civil war in France between Catholics and Huguenots Huguenots came to North America seeking religious freedom. Spanish Armada: a huge fleet of warships meant to end English plans; English defeated the Spanish.

Spanish Colonies Conquistadors-Spanish soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas Hernán Cortés from Cuba to Mexico in 1519 Searching for Moctezuma II wealth (Aztec Empire) Took Moctezuma prisoner, killed him, and took over capitol, Tenochtitlan. Smallpox destroyed the Aztec empire. Francisco Pizarro to the Inca cities in the Andes of South America With fewer than 400 men Inca had no weapons like the Spanish Captured Cuzco and killed Inca leaders Conquered the entire empire by 1534 New Spain-Central America, Mexico, and Southern United States

Spanish Cont’d Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca and Pánfilo Narváez set out to North America in 1528 300 men; landed on Florida coast. Eventually reached Mississippi River Boat shipwrecked on Galveston Island leaving only 4 survivors De Vaca, Estevanico and his slaveholder, and one other sailor Captured and enslaved by Native Americans; held for 6 years Escaped, and made it to Spanish settlement in Mexico with help of other Native Americans De Vaca returned to Spain and called for better treatment of Natives His writings supported rumors of riches in North America

English Colonies Late 1500s Sir Walter Raleigh receives charter Lands in present-day Virginia and North Carolina Calls entire area Virginia Colony at Roanoke Island (Coast of North Carolina) Much fighting with Native Americans Trouble finding and growing food No survival skills or wilderness training—Disbanded; returned to England Colony established twice with no success

French Colonies Hugenots settled in Florida in 1564 Destroyed by Spanish Jacques Cartier and Samuel de Champlain claimed modern-day Canada for France Champlain believed exploration was a way to gain knowledge, bring riches to his country, and spread Christianity Champlain founded Quebec in 1608; setup first fur-trading routes for the French New France became open to fur traders, explorers and missionaries René-Robert de La Salle claimed Mississippi Valley for King Louis XIV Named region Louisiana, after the King

French Cont’d Most towns were very small In 1688 only 12,000 French settlers in New France Focused on trapping wild animals instead of agriculture Beaver pelts for hatmaking Trading with Native Americans led them to become allies Treated Natives with more respect than most other Europeans because of trading relationship Learned Native languages and adopted way of life

Agenda-Sept. 10, 2015 Finish visual vocabulary Individual reading: EVERYONE needs a textbook

Today’s Reading and Questions Pg. 72-Founding of a New Colony (only this section) Pg. 74-Labor in Virginia, Expansion of Slavery, Answer 2A on Pg. 77 Pg. 77- Economy of Southern Colonies, Answer 4 A & B on pg. 77 Pg. 83- New England Economy (Merchants, Fishing, Shipbuilding, Skilled Craftspeople) Answer 3 A & B on Pg. 84 Pg. 86- Penn’s Colony, Answer 2 A & B on Pg. 87 Pg. 87-Economy of Middle Colonies, Answer 3 A & B