How Cities Work: Suburbs, Sprawl, and the Roads Not Taken by Alex Marshall

The three major foundations that cause change in society Transportation Transportation (subway, railroads, ports, interstates and freeways) Politics Politics (city, state, federal) Economics Economics (derived from politics and transportation, most dependent upon the others)

Urbanism vs. New Urbanism Forcing people back into major metro areas and out of the suburbs vs. outward expansion of the metro area into the suburbs Forcing people back into major metro areas and out of the suburbs vs. outward expansion of the metro area into the suburbs Is the interstate and car our worst enemy? Is the interstate and car our worst enemy? Raise gas prices, set growth boundaries, invest more in mass transit. Raise gas prices, set growth boundaries, invest more in mass transit.

Four place of interest that Marshall uses as examples in his book Portland, Oregon- controlled growth, tear down of major roads, acceptance of diversity of people Portland, Oregon- controlled growth, tear down of major roads, acceptance of diversity of people Celebration near Orlando- imitation of Kissimmee, residents prefer this to the real thing Celebration near Orlando- imitation of Kissimmee, residents prefer this to the real thing Jackson Heights in New York City- extremely different cultures in one place, crowded, sense of community Jackson Heights in New York City- extremely different cultures in one place, crowded, sense of community Silicon Valley- region has become one huge city, decentralized, expensive Silicon Valley- region has become one huge city, decentralized, expensive