 The launch of the first man-made object to orbit the Earth, the USSR's Sputnik 1, on 4 October 1957EarthSputnik 1  Four years later on April 12, 1961, Russian Lt. Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit Earth in Vostok 1.  first Moon landing by the American Apollo 11 craft on 20 July 1969 MoonApollo 11

 Skylab, America’s first space station, was a human-spaceflight highlight of the 1970s, as was the Apollo Soyuz Test Project, the world’s first internationally crewed (American and Russian) space mission.

 Challenger disaster : January 28,  Rubber O-rings that sealed the joints of the shuttle’s solid rocket boosters—were vulnerable to failure at low temperatures.  Columbia Disaster : February 1,  a piece of foam insulation broke off from the Space Shuttle external tankand struck the left wing.Space Shuttle external tank

 Established in 1969 August 15  Vikram Sarabai

 SLV - The first Indian Satellite Launch Vehicle – 1980  ASLV - Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle  PSLV - Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle – 1994  GSLV - Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle

 Aryabhatta - X-Ray Astronomy (Launched from Russia)X-Ray  Bhaskara - TV Cameras – 1979  Bhaskara 2 - TV Cameras – 1981  Rohini - India's first launch – 1981  SROSS - Scientific Experiments IRS Series - Indian Remote Sensing Satellite  INSAT Series - Indian National Satellite - TV Relay to remote areas and weather

 India's first lunar probe.  It was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation in October 2008, and operated until August  PSLV-XL C11  The lunar mission carried five ISRO payloads and six payloads from other space agencies including NASA, ESA, and the Bulgarian Aerospace Agency, which were carried free of cost.

 To design, develop, launch and orbit a spacecraft around the Moon using an Indian- made launch-vehicle  to conduct scientific experiments using instruments on the spacecraft which would yield data: ◦ for the preparation of a three-dimensional atlas (with high spatial and altitude resolution of 5–10 m) of both the near and far sides of the Moon

◦ for chemical and mineralogical mapping of the entire lunar surface at high spatial resolution, mapping particularly the chemical elements magnesium, aluminium, silicon,calcium, iron, titanium, radon, uranium, and thoriummagnesiumsiliconcalciumtitaniumradonuraniumthorium ◦ To increase scientific knowledge ◦ To test the impact of a sub-satellite (Moon Impact Probe — MIP) on the surface on the Moon as a fore- runner to future soft-landing missions  To detect water-ice on the Moon

 Mars climate is most like our earth.  but our other neighbour venus is more hotter than a human could think of.  Day and night rythem is similar to our earth.  Mars has polar ice caps.  There are deserts in mars similar to us.

Various countries attempted to reach the mars orbit. But India is the first country to make it happen in the first attempt.

 Design and realisation of a Mars orbiter with a capability to survive and perform Earth bound manoeuvres, cruise phase of 300 days, Mars orbit insertion / capture, and on-orbit phase around Mars.  Deep space communication, navigation, mission planning and management.  Incorporate autonomous features to handle contingency situations.  Mangalyaan will observe the environment of Mars and look for various elements like methane (marsh gas), which is a possible indicator of life. It will also look for Deuterium-Hydroden ratio and other neutral constants.

1. Launch 2. Orbit raising maneuvers 3. Trans-mars injection 4. Trajectory- correction maneuvers 5. Mars orbit insertion

 Chandrayaan 2  Reusable launch Vehicles  Human space flights …and a lot more to come