Character & Dissimilarity Matrices CharacterUnicornGriffinPegasusPhoenixCentaur Feathers01011 Fur11101 Wings01011 Hooves10101 Talons01010 Horns10000 Beak01010 Unicorngriffinpegasusphoenixcentaur Unicorn Griffin Pegasus Phoenix 0 4 Centaur 0

Protist Diversity Wrap-Up Make sure you know how to build a phylogentic tree of the protists – Are plastids homologous or analogous? Put the supergroup and subgroup of each protist examined on your tree

Lab 3: Animal Diversity

Lab Goals Recognize the major phyla of animals Understand the developmental characters that distinguish the different groups and how these can inform our understanding of evolution (chart on pg. 49) More practice with phylogenetic trees!!!!

Fig. 32-1

What are animals? Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Multicellular Diploid Are motile at some stage

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Some Terminology…. Symmetry: pattern of body organization – Asymmetry – Radial symmetry – Bilateral symmetry

Why is embryonic development important in our understanding of evolution? Evolutionary Developmental Biology (“Evo-Devo”) – Comparisons of developmental characters in different organisms can often reveal ancestral relationships – Excellent characters for use in building phylogenies Ernst Haeckel 1892

Diploblastic Tissues Parazoa-no tissue differentiation Eumetazoa-has true tissues – Diploblastic—two cell layers – Triploblastic—three cell layers DiploblasticTriploblastic

Diploblastic Development

Triploblastic Development Protostomes (“mouth first”) Deuterostomes (“mouth second”) Blastopore= mouth Blastopore= anus

Videos Development of the Blastula Gastrulation

Triploblastic Animals Have one or two body cavities: 1)Archenteron = gut 2)May also have either a: Pseudocoelom exterior lined by mesoderm, interior lined by endoderm Coelom cavity completely lined with mesoderm archenteron coelom

Acoelomate Psuedocoelomate Coelomate

Protostomes: Two Clades Lophotrochozoa – Fun to say! – Trochophore larvae – Lophophore Used for filter feeding Ecdysozoa – Shed an external cuticle or exoskeleton – Why is this done??

Flow Chart True Tissues? Parazoa Eumetazoa yes no Number of Germ Layers? two three Diploblastic Triploblastic Fate of blastopore? mouth anus Protostome Deuterostome Which clade? Lophotrochozoa Ecdysozoa Trochophore larvae or lochophore (or neither) ? Asymmetry Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry Acoelomate, Pseudocoelem, or Coelem Coelom

Today’s Lab Work through all stations (use flowchart!) Examine organisms in tank Complete lab report in class Show me your tree!

Next Week 20 pt quiz (protists and animals) – you may use protist “cheat sheet” – All words on Table 3.3 in the Animal Diversity lab will be in a word bank on the quiz (i.e. know the definition but don’t worry about spelling) Animal Lab Report DUE (animal lab is first one worth points!!) Read Pig Dissection Lab and BRING GLOVES