Foundations of Government Chapter 1

What are the purposes of government? Essential Question

Purposes and Origins of Government Most people do not desire to live in chaos or turmoil Order is created by legitimate and functioning governments Leadership, order, defense, security, public service, economic assistance Purposes and Origins of Government

Purposes and Origins of Government Providing Leadership Government officials set priorities and make all sorts of decisions on behalf of the people They can require that people do things they might not do voluntarily, such as pay taxes or serve in the army Without leadership, no one can be in charge….anarchy Purposes and Origins of Government

Purposes and Origins of Government Maintaining Order Conflict is an inescapable part of life. placing limits on what individuals are permitted to do Without government, civilized life would be impossible Purposes and Origins of Government

Purposes and Origins of Government Providing Public Service Governments create schools, build sewer systems, pave roads, and provide other services that individuals cannot or would not do on their own Purposes and Origins of Government

Purposes and Origins of Government Providing National Security protect the people against attack by another country or by terrorists complex and demanding task Purposes and Origins of Government

Purposes and Origins of Government Economic Security and Economic Assistance Governments negotiate trade deals with other countries and they try to protect businesses that are important to their own economies. Governments can provide assistance to people in need. Purposes and Origins of Government

Turn and Talk means to turn to a partner or two and elaborate on the following question The founding fathers had to make extremely important decisions regarding the type of government the new country would have. What information would you use to support why they chose democracy with all of the other types of governments throughout the world? Turn and Talk

Purposes and Origins of Government Origins (Theories) of the State Evolutionary Theory Evolved from the family Clans, tribes, etc. Purposes and Origins of Government

Purposes and Origins of Government Origins (Theories) of the State Force Theory States emerged when people needed to cooperate to survive but could only become organized when one or more people took control Purposes and Origins of Government

Purposes and Origins of Government Origins (Theories) of the State Divine Right Theory certain people are chosen by a god or gods to rule is a very old theory Purposes and Origins of Government

Purposes and Origins of Government Origins (Theories) of the State Social Contract Theory Some people believe states exist to protect and to serve their people. Purposes and Origins of Government

Lesson 2 Types of Government

What principles guide different types of government? The United States and many other countries around the world are democracies. What does the idea of democracy mean to you? What do you think are the most important characteristics of a democratic form of government? List them in order of importance. Types of Government

Types of Government Guided Question How is a federal system of government different from a unitary or confederate one? Types of Government

Types of Government Unitary System All key powers to the central government Only powers that states or local government have are those expressly given to them by the central government. Less power given to localities Japan, France, and Bolivia Types of Government

Types of Government Confederate System What we were first under Articles A loose union of independent and sovereign states Tremendous power given to states Very rare today Federated States of Micronesia Types of Government

Federal System Divides the powers of government between the national and state or provincial government On a smaller scale, individual states in the United States may have their own structure of government Maryland gives its counties much more authority to make their own decisions than most states. Brazil Types of Government

Types of Government Question How is a constitutional government different than a country without a constitution? Types of Government

Types of Government Constitution No matter what type of government you have, you need a constitution plan that provides the rules for government Purposes (1) it sets out ideals that the people bound by the constitution believe in and share (2) it establishes the basic structure of government and defines the government’s powers and duties (3) it provides the supreme law for the country. Types of Government

Types of Government Constitutional Government constitution has authority to place clearly recognized limits on the powers of those who govern. Constitutions are important but incomplete guides to how a country is actually governed. 2 reasons First, no written constitution can possibly spell out all the laws, customs, and ideas that grow up around the document. Types of Government

Types of Government Constitutional Government 2 reasons Second, a constitution does not always reflect actual government practice. China, for example, has a written constitution filled with statements about the basic rights, freedoms, and duties of citizens. Yet, the Chinese government does not uphold many of those rights and freedoms. Types of Government

Types of Government Major Types of Government Authoritarian Governments characterized by leadership that controls all aspects of its citizens’ economic and social lives sometimes referred to as totalitarian states because the government has total control. Types of Government

Types of Government Major Types of Government Authoritarian Governments appear to have democratic features. opponents to the current leaders are persecuted. few, if any, political freedoms use ruthless force or the threat of force to maintain order. Types of Government

Types of Government Major Types of Government Oligarchy derive their power from their wealth, social position, military power, or a combination of these factors. When a few rule Dictatorships and Monarchs can be classified here as well. Types of Government

Types of Government Major Types of Government Democratic Governments rule is by the people. either through representatives or directly. Republics democracy that does not have a monarch in charge Types of Government

Discussion Question Turn and Talk What principles are central to democracies?  Discussion Question

Types of Government Principles of Democracy While no democracy is a perfect democracy, there are certain principles that guide them. Types of Government

Types of Government What are the Principles of Democracy Citizen Participation Regular Free and Fair Elections Accepting the Results of Elections The Rule of Law Majority Rule with Minority Rights Accountability Transparency Limited Government and a Bill of Rights Control of the Abuse of Power Types of Government

Types of Government What are the Principles of Democracy Economic Freedom Equality Individual or Human Rights Independent Judiciary Competing Political Parties Types of Government

Your job……… Grab a text book from the cupboard and look up each of these principles and briefly describe each These must be placed into your notes!!!! Lesson 2 Types of Government

The Role of Government in Economic Systems Lesson 3 The Role of Government in Economic Systems

The Role of Government in Economic Systems Essential Question…… What is the role of government in different types of economic systems? The Role of Government in Economic Systems

When is the last time you wanted to buy something you could not afford When is the last time you wanted to buy something you could not afford? Do you know people who can buy it and whatever else they want? How did they get enough money to buy it? Did they work hard? Did they save? Has their family always had plenty of money, going back for generations?   Now think about your needs instead of your wants. Can you or your family afford to pay for your basic needs like food, shelter, and clothing? Do you think the government has a responsibility to make sure you have all you need? Write a personal reflection answering these questions.

The Role of Government in Economic Systems Essential Question…… What are the basic factors of every economy? The Role of Government in Economic Systems

The Role of Government in Economic Systems The Government’s Role In every society, governments guide economies Some allow free use of resources Others use regulation to allocate resources The Role of Government in Economic Systems

The Role of Government in Economic Systems The Government’s Role Governments can exert almost total control over their economies or very little control. Either way, governments play significant roles in the economic lives of their people.  The Role of Government in Economic Systems

The Role of Government in Economic Systems Economic systems are classified in two ways how economies actually work. the political ideology that is connected to an economy. capitalism, socialism, and communism. The Role of Government in Economic Systems

The Role of Government in Economic Systems Capitalism, Communism, Socialism All different economic systems Capitalism has five characteristics: private ownership and control of property and economic resources, free enterprise, competition, freedom of choice, and the possibility of profits. Communism uses a command economy The Role of Government in Economic Systems

The Role of Government in Economic Systems Capitalism, Communism, Socialism the government decides how much to produce, what to produce, and how to distribute the goods and services produced. Today only a handful of communist states exist in the world. North Korea is one. The Role of Government in Economic Systems

The Role of Government in Economic Systems Socialism economic system in which the government plays a significant role in the economy, but it does not completely control it. Under socialism, government planners determine the use of resources and distribute the products and wages. government also provides extensive social services such as education, health care, and welfare for its people. The Role of Government in Economic Systems

The Role of Government in Economic Systems Socialism The goal of socialism is an equal distribution of wealth. The Role of Government in Economic Systems