Exploring The Universe Test Review

1. Draw and label the phases of the moon Explain what causes them. New moon Waxing Crescent 1st quarter Waxing Gibbous Full moon Waning Gibbous 3rd quarter Waning Crescent

1. Draw and label the phases of the moon Explain what causes them. The moons phases are caused by it’s revolutions around the Earth (and therefore the part of it which we see).

2. Explain why it is colder at the North Pole than the Equator The energy from sunlight is more direct and concentrated at the equator sun

Spring tide High tides are higher and low tides are lower 3. Draw and label neap and spring tides What are the phases of the moon are related to each? Explain the affect on tides caused by spring and neap tides Spring tide sun Earth New moon full moon High tides are higher and low tides are lower

3. Draw and label neap and spring tides What are the phases of the moon are related to each? Explain the affect on tides caused by spring and neap tides Neap tide Third Quarter Sun Earth First Quarter High tides and low tides similar in height

4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star 4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage. Black hole Super Giant Super nova Main Sequence Star Nebula Neutron star Giant Proto Star Red Giant Black Dwarf White Dwarf

Nebula: A giant cloud of gas of dust 4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage. Nebula: A giant cloud of gas of dust

protostar: as the nebula condenses down 4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage. protostar: as the nebula condenses down due to gravity, the center begins to heat up

Main Sequence Star: Regular star, 4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage. Main Sequence Star: Regular star, burns for millions of years. Most stars fall in this category.

Red Giant: as a star runs our of fuel, 4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage. Red Giant: as a star runs our of fuel, the outter layers begin to “swell and escape.”

White Dwarf: Medium and smaller stars 4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage. White Dwarf: Medium and smaller stars lose those outter layers and all that is left is a glowing white-hot core of the old star.

Black Dwarf: the cooled-down remains of a white dwarf. 4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage. Black Dwarf: the cooled-down remains of a white dwarf.

Super Nova: Large stars ultimately explode into a massive super nova. 4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage. Super Nova: Large stars ultimately explode into a massive super nova.

Neutron star: The remaining, pulsating 4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage. Neutron star: The remaining, pulsating dense core left after a super-nova explosion.

Black Hole: The largest of all super novas 4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage. Black Hole: The largest of all super novas result in a remaining core so dense and with so much gravity that not even light can escape it’s pull!

5. Explain what a light year is and why it is used. The distance light travels in a year. It is used because distances in space are so large that we can’t realistically measure them in meters or kilometers.

A galaxy is a giant structure that contains 6. What is a galaxy? A galaxy is a giant structure that contains dust, gasses and hundreds of billions of stars.

7. Draw and label the three types of galaxies spiral elliptical irregular (like our galaxy, the Milky Way)

8. Draw the type of galaxy our solar system is found in and label the place where our solar system is found. THE MILKY WAY!!!

8. Continued: Draw the type of galaxy our solar system is found in and label the place where our solar system is found. The Halo

The Big Bang Theory states that the universe began with an enormous 9. Describe the Big Bang Theory and the evidence that supports it. The Big Bang Theory states that the universe began with an enormous explosion about 10 to 15 billion years ago. One of the evidences is the “red shift” of stars moving away from us. Tracing their paths backwards allows scientists to estimate the “starting point” and how long ago the Big Bang occurred.

Note the planets circling the sun while the moon is circling Earth! 10. Diagram our solar system showing the relative motions of the sun, moon, earth and at least one inner and one outer planet the moon is right here! Note the planets circling the sun while the moon is circling Earth!

The universe is everything everywhere. 11. How are the follwing thing related: galaxy, planet, universe, solar system? Put ‘em in order from largest to smallest. The universe is everything everywhere. The universe contains many (billions!) of galaxies! A galaxy is made up of billions of stars. One such star system is our solar system. Planets circle the stars. Most likely, there are lots-n-lots of planets out there…we are just starting to discover them!

Largest Universe Galaxy Solar System Planet Smallest 11. How are the follwing thing related: galaxy, planet, universe, solar system? Put ‘em in order from largest to smallest. Largest Universe Galaxy Solar System Planet Smallest

The four main groups on the HR Diagram 12. What are the four main groups of stars on the HR diagram? What does the HR Diagram compare/graph (three things)? What are the trends on the H-R Diagram? super giants giants m a i n s e q u e n c e white dwarfs The four main groups on the HR Diagram are the white dwarfs, giants, super giants and main sequence.

The HR Diagram shows the relationship 12. What are the four main groups of stars on the HR diagram? What does the HR Diagram compare/graph (three things)? What are the trends on the H-R Diagram? B R I G H T N E S S T E M P E R A T U R E The HR Diagram shows the relationship between temperature, brightness and color.

The HR Diagram shows the relationship 12. What are the four main groups of stars on the HR diagram? What does the HR Diagram compare/graph (three things)? What are the trends on the H-R Diagram? B R I G H T N E S S BRIGHTER HOTTER T E M P E R A T U R E The HR Diagram shows the relationship between temperature, brightness and color.

Apparent Magnitude – the brightness of a star as seen from earth. 13. What are apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude? Give some examples (made up stars are ok) and compare them. Apparent Magnitude – the brightness of a star as seen from earth. Absolute Magnitude – the actual brightness of a star as compared to other stars when they are all viewed from the same distance.

The yellow star appears much “brighter” to me 13. What are apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude? Give some examples (made up stars are ok) and compare them. The yellow star appears much “brighter” to me because it is so much closer to earth. If I could put them the same distance away, I would discover that the red star is actually much brighter!

Mass – A measure of how much matter an 14. What is the difference between weight and mass? Mass – A measure of how much matter an object contains. It is a property of the object and not affected by gravity. Your mass is the same, no matter where you are in the universe! Weight – The resulting force of the gravitational pull on an object. You will weigh less on the moon because there is less gravity….and more on the sun because there is more gravity…