Brain development. The beginning Spinal chord and PNS.

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Presentation transcript:

Brain development

The beginning

Spinal chord and PNS

Migration of cells from spinal chord to periphery.

Development of motor neurons Alignment of sensory and motor neurons (motor & proprioception) Proper CPG and reflexes require proper development of local circuits

Anterior segments Hindbrain Midbrain Mesencephalon Diencephalon Telencephalon Signaling cascades govern Cell differentiation & Migration

Eyes

Cortical layers Glial fibers

Olfactory neurons From sub-ventricular zone to olfactory bulb

Setting up the connections Where and when should the axon grow?

Eyes to brain Setting up topography…

Motor neurons to muscles Setting up innervation

Cell death

Nerve growth factor Cells are programed to die unless they get NGF….

Synaptic pruning - PNS Competition among synapses

Synaptic pruning - CNS

Occular dominance in a neonate monkey V1

Synaptic pruning is activity dependent Hebbian learning

Synapses during development

Synaptic plasticity Map space with inter-aural differences

Synaptic plasticity

Axonal projections from the Inferior Coliculus to the visual tectum shift. This shift can only happen in young owls…

Critical periods A developmental period with enhanced plasticity. Imprinting

Critical periods Bird song development

Critical periods

Innervation of primary visual cortex

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